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岭回归分析原理及其SPSS实现方法

2017-05-21 MedSci MedSci原创

岭回归分析(RidgeRegression)是一种改良的最小二乘估计方法,它是用于解决在线性回归分析中自变量存在共线性的问题。什么?共线性是什么?共线性就是指自变量之间存在一种完全或良好的线性关系,进而导致自变量相关矩阵之行列式近似为0,导致最小二乘估计失效。此时统计学家就引入了k个单位阵(I),使得回归系数可估计。设么?没看懂,那就算了。知道岭回归分析就是用来解决多重共线性的问题,就够了。在医学

岭回归分析(RidgeRegression)是一种改良的最小二乘估计方法,它是用于解决在线性回归分析中自变量存在共线性的问题。什么?共线性是什么?共线性就是指自变量之间存在一种完全或良好的线性关系,进而导致自变量相关矩阵之行列式近似为0,导致最小二乘估计失效。此时统计学家就引入了k个单位阵(I),使得回归系数可估计。设么?没看懂,那就算了。知道岭回归分析就是用来解决多重共线性的问题,就够了。在医学科研的实际工作中,往往不需要创造算法,会用算法就行。当然如果你有心研究其原理,那更是极好的。下面我们还是通过实例来学习岭回归分析的应用条件和SPSS实习方法吧。用SPSS自带的例子(来自SPSS 20.0版的示例数据库,其他版本的就别找了),某研究者想了解B超下胎儿的身长、头围、体重与胎儿受精周数之间的关系,即B超测得上述参数之后,用它们来推测胎儿的受精时长(周数)。我们很容易想到用多重线性回归来解决,以胎儿周数为因变量,以身长、头围和体重为因变量,做回归之后我们发现,结果如下:不会吧?!头围尽然与周龄成负相关,开玩笑啊。这个方程肯定是有问题,细心的读者也已经发现方差膨胀因子(VIF)大到20

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671698, encodeId=cdb316e169871, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c56c4051902' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#回归分析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40519, encryptionId=c56c4051902, topicName=回归分析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a46f26833520, createdName=cenghis, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 05:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234416, encodeId=95ae234416e4, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Thu Aug 17 11:46:35 CST 2017, time=2017-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202565, encodeId=512b202565e0, content=软件正确操作重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu May 25 23:54:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=201006, encodeId=cac3201006d4, content=数理统计需要深入学习下去。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:30:15 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200949, encodeId=3ce120094921, content=感谢分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Sun May 21 19:29:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200928, encodeId=50c720092803, content=可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160930/IMG57EDFF4739EBF3035.jpg, createdBy=0da11618734, createdName=右脚梅西, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:42:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200921, encodeId=7f45200921a7, content=很好的文章,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:08:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-17 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671698, encodeId=cdb316e169871, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c56c4051902' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#回归分析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40519, encryptionId=c56c4051902, topicName=回归分析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a46f26833520, createdName=cenghis, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 05:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234416, encodeId=95ae234416e4, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Thu Aug 17 11:46:35 CST 2017, time=2017-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202565, encodeId=512b202565e0, content=软件正确操作重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu May 25 23:54:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=201006, encodeId=cac3201006d4, content=数理统计需要深入学习下去。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:30:15 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200949, encodeId=3ce120094921, content=感谢分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Sun May 21 19:29:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200928, encodeId=50c720092803, content=可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160930/IMG57EDFF4739EBF3035.jpg, createdBy=0da11618734, createdName=右脚梅西, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:42:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200921, encodeId=7f45200921a7, content=很好的文章,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:08:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-25 惠映实验室

    软件正确操作重要性

    0

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    2017-05-22 130****4638

    数理统计需要深入学习下去。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671698, encodeId=cdb316e169871, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c56c4051902' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#回归分析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40519, encryptionId=c56c4051902, topicName=回归分析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a46f26833520, createdName=cenghis, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 05:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234416, encodeId=95ae234416e4, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Thu Aug 17 11:46:35 CST 2017, time=2017-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202565, encodeId=512b202565e0, content=软件正确操作重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu May 25 23:54:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=201006, encodeId=cac3201006d4, content=数理统计需要深入学习下去。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:30:15 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200949, encodeId=3ce120094921, content=感谢分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Sun May 21 19:29:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200928, encodeId=50c720092803, content=可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160930/IMG57EDFF4739EBF3035.jpg, createdBy=0da11618734, createdName=右脚梅西, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:42:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200921, encodeId=7f45200921a7, content=很好的文章,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:08:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-21 laymankey

    感谢分享一下!!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671698, encodeId=cdb316e169871, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c56c4051902' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#回归分析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40519, encryptionId=c56c4051902, topicName=回归分析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a46f26833520, createdName=cenghis, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 05:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234416, encodeId=95ae234416e4, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Thu Aug 17 11:46:35 CST 2017, time=2017-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202565, encodeId=512b202565e0, content=软件正确操作重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu May 25 23:54:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=201006, encodeId=cac3201006d4, content=数理统计需要深入学习下去。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:30:15 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200949, encodeId=3ce120094921, content=感谢分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Sun May 21 19:29:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200928, encodeId=50c720092803, content=可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160930/IMG57EDFF4739EBF3035.jpg, createdBy=0da11618734, createdName=右脚梅西, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:42:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200921, encodeId=7f45200921a7, content=很好的文章,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:08:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-21 右脚梅西

    可以

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671698, encodeId=cdb316e169871, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c56c4051902' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#回归分析#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40519, encryptionId=c56c4051902, topicName=回归分析)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a46f26833520, createdName=cenghis, createdTime=Thu Apr 26 05:29:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234416, encodeId=95ae234416e4, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Thu Aug 17 11:46:35 CST 2017, time=2017-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=202565, encodeId=512b202565e0, content=软件正确操作重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu May 25 23:54:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=201006, encodeId=cac3201006d4, content=数理统计需要深入学习下去。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Mon May 22 00:30:15 CST 2017, time=2017-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200949, encodeId=3ce120094921, content=感谢分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20971999626, createdName=laymankey, createdTime=Sun May 21 19:29:57 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200928, encodeId=50c720092803, content=可以, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160930/IMG57EDFF4739EBF3035.jpg, createdBy=0da11618734, createdName=右脚梅西, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:42:24 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=200921, encodeId=7f45200921a7, content=很好的文章,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 21 17:08:39 CST 2017, time=2017-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-21 清风拂面

    很好的文章,谢谢分享

    0

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