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JCI Insight:研究揭示人类棕色脂肪或可逆转2型糖尿病!

2017-06-04 sunshine2015 来宝网

当你身边环境变冷时,你的身体会变热,以保持其正常的温度。热量由棕色脂肪组织或棕色脂肪产生,它也在身体如何使用葡萄糖和脂肪方面起作用。然而,科学家并不完全了解棕色脂肪如何在健康和疾病方面发挥作用,部分原因是缺乏适当的动物模型。在“临床调查洞察杂志”发表的一篇论文中,包括贝勒医学院在内的几个机构的研究团队填补了这一差距,发现小鼠也具有类似于在人类中发现的最大储存的棕色脂肪沉积物。这一发现可能会带来使用

当你身边环境变冷时,你的身体会变热,以保持其正常的温度。热量由棕色脂肪组织或棕色脂肪产生,它也在身体如何使用葡萄糖和脂肪方面起作用。然而,科学家并不完全了解棕色脂肪如何在健康和疾病方面发挥作用,部分原因是缺乏适当的动物模型。在“临床调查洞察杂志”发表的一篇论文中,包括贝勒医学院在内的几个机构的研究团队填补了这一差距,发现小鼠也具有类似于在人类中发现的最大储存的棕色脂肪沉积物。这一发现可能会带来使用棕色脂肪来治疗代谢疾病如肥胖和2型糖尿病的新方法。



“除了白色脂肪组织或白脂肪之外,人们还会有棕色脂肪,这是通过产生身体热量和参与代谢过程对人体的能量平衡的重要贡献者,”资深作者陈博士即贝勒医学院儿科与营养学教授说道。

棕色脂肪含有脂肪细胞,富含充满液滴和称为线粒体的能量产生结构的小脂肪细胞。棕色脂肪使用脂肪和葡萄糖作为能源。在小鼠中,活化以产生热量的棕色脂肪显着影响能量平衡。例如,在低于正常体温(20-22摄氏度)的温度下饲养的小鼠将需要消耗更多的食物以维持其正常温度,当棕色脂肪功能失调或不存在,小鼠减少能量消耗并变得肥胖。

人类棕色脂肪的小鼠模型

研究表明,大多数棕色脂肪在小鼠的背部,肩胛骨之间。然而,在人们身上,棕色脂肪的主要储库位于锁骨上方,并在颈部深处。科学家认为,通过研究老鼠棕色脂肪所学到的东西可能不适用于人,因为老鼠和人类的棕色脂肪在不同的地方。在寻找更好的老鼠模型时,Chen和她的同事分析了小鼠胚胎,发现了颈部肌肉包围的棕色脂肪,包括位于锁骨骨骼上方的棕色脂肪库,与人类棕色脂肪在相同的位置。

“进一步的研究表明,成年小鼠在锁骨上方也有棕色脂肪,”陈说。 “这很重要,因为研究主要是在成年人中进行的。此外,领骨中的小鼠棕色脂肪与同一位置的人类棕色脂肪在形态上类似,产生参与热产生的化合物,并表达由人类棕色脂肪表达的与之相似的基因。

老鼠棕色脂肪可以改变新陈代谢

研究团队与俄亥俄州立大学Wexner医学中心生理和细胞生物学助理教授克里斯汀·斯坦福博士合作,在小鼠中进行了棕色脂肪移植实验。

“几年来,我一直对如何打击肥胖和改善代谢健康感兴趣,”Stanford说。 “几年前,我的实验室开发了一种移植模型,研究了在小鼠肩胛骨上方增加褐色脂肪的效果,我们看到代谢健康发生了显着的改善。”

当研究人员通过将棕色脂肪更多的移植到健康的小鼠中时,研究人员增加了锁骨上方的棕色脂肪的量,他们看到动物的葡萄糖耐量有所改善。这表明“这个与人类主要棕色脂肪库非常相似的棕色脂肪储库可以产生代谢益处,”斯坦福说。 “这项研究强调了这种组织在人类中最有可能的重要性。”

陈说:“我很高兴把这个模型带给这个领域的科学家,他们可以用它研究棕色脂肪。” “这种模型是提高我们对人类棕色脂肪在代谢过程中的作用的理解的第一步,该模型提供了进行可能导致逆转或预防2型糖尿病和肥胖等疾病治疗研究的可能性。

原始出处:

Qianxing Mo, Jordan Salley, et al. Identification and characterization of a supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in mice. JCI Insight. 2017;2(11):e93166. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.93166. 

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    2017-06-05 lou.minghong

    学习

    0

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    2017-06-05 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2017-06-04 mayio

    新知识,学习了!谢谢!

    0

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    2017-06-04 虈亣靌

    未来的发展前景广阔

    0

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    2017-06-04 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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