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世卫组织正式通报新冠病毒四种变体情况

2021-01-01 朱赫 央视新闻客户端

当地时间2020年12月31日晚,世卫组织正式通报了新冠病毒自出现以来的主要变异情况,包括四种变体。

当地时间2020年12月31日晚,世卫组织正式通报了新冠病毒自出现以来的主要变异情况,包括四种变体。

2020年1月底至2月初,新冠病毒出现D614G突变,随后逐渐取代了最初发现的毒株。到2020年6月,该变体成为全球范围内主要传播的新冠病毒类型。研究表明,与初始毒株相比,该变体的感染性和传播能力都更高,但不会引起更严重的疾病,也不会影响现有的诊断、治疗、疫苗和公共卫生措施的有效性。

2020年8至9月,丹麦发现一种与水貂相关的新冠病毒变体,被丹麦相关部门命名为“Cluster5”,具有此前未曾观察到的变异。根据丹麦进行的初步研究,令人担忧的是,该变体可能减少自然感染或接种疫苗后所产生的免疫保护的范围和持续时间,相关评估仍在进行。目前丹麦仅在9月发现了12例人体感染此变体的病例,该变体似乎并未广泛传播。

2020年12月14日,英国向世卫组织报告了一种被命名为VOC202012/01的新冠病毒变体,最初出现在英格兰东南部。初步的流行病学研究表明,该变体具有更强的传播力,但其导致的疾病严重程度(以住院时间和28天死亡率评估)及再感染情况并没有变化,大多数诊断工具不受影响。截至12月30日,世卫组织六个区域中已有五个区域的其他31个国家和地区发现了此种变体。

2020年12月18日,南非检测到一种新冠病毒变体,出现了N501Y突变,南非将其命名为501Y.V2变体,该变体正在南非三个省中迅速传播。尽管此前英国发现的变异新冠病毒也有N501Y突变,但分析表明其与南非发现的变异新冠病毒是不同的变体。11月16日之后的一周内,南非卫生部门在常规基因测序中发现,这种变体在很大程度上已取代了在东开普省、西开普省和夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省传播的其他新冠病毒。初步研究表明,该变体与更高的病毒载量有关,可能会增加传染性,但尚无证据表明其会引起更严重的疾病。还需展开进一步调查,以了解该变体对病毒传播、诊断、疫苗等方面的影响。截至12月30日,南非以外已有四个国家发现了该变体。

世卫组织表示,受变异新冠病毒影响的国家正在展开流行病学和病毒学调查,以了解其流行程度,英国和南非发现的变异新冠病毒基因数据也已被分享。世卫组织同时指出,包括新冠病毒在内的所有病毒都会随时间推移而变化,大多数变异不会导致病毒传染性增加,有时甚至会限制其传播。随着人与动物感染频率的增加,病毒变异的可能性也会上升。

世卫组织同时强调,虽然初步评估显示英国和南非发现的变异新冠病毒不会增加疾病严重性,但其会导致更高的发病率,产生更多住院及死亡病例,所以需要采取更严格的公共卫生措施来控制这些变异病毒的传播。世卫组织还建议各国增加对新冠病毒的常规基因测序,以更好地了解病毒传播并监测变体。

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    2021-01-30 ms2000000511123606

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    2021-01-02 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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    2021-01-02 zb1235672

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