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西湖大学马丽佳团队开发In-library Ligation策略,促进联合免疫治疗靶点高通量筛选

2022-06-15 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

西湖大学生命科学学院马丽佳团队关心是否可以基于 CRISPR 基因编辑技术,设计出一种能够高通量筛选影响细胞表型的多基因组合的技术。

改善免疫细胞功能是多种免疫疗法的核心,如针对免疫检查点的抗体药、在体外进行 T 细胞工程化改造的 CAR-T 疗法等。近年来,联合免疫疗法正在尝试同时靶向多个不同功能的免疫抑制蛋白来增强免疫细胞的抗肿瘤能力,并取得不错的进展。例如,在黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌的临床试验中,联合 PD-1 抑制剂和 CTLA-4 抑制剂治疗较使用单一免疫检查点抑制剂显着地延长了受试患者的生存期。

与免疫细胞抗肿瘤能力类似,复杂生物的细胞表型通常都是由多个基因联合作用产生。在许多情况下,干扰单个基因不足以出现感兴趣的表型。例如,多组转录因子相互作用能促进癌症进展中的侵袭-转移;又例如,不止一种细胞表面受体参与病毒对的细胞侵袭,因此阻断单一受体不足以保护宿主细胞免受感染。

西湖大学生命科学学院马丽佳团队关心是否可以基于 CRISPR 基因编辑技术,设计出一种能够高通量筛选影响细胞表型的多基因组合的技术。

近日,马丽佳团队在 Nucleic Acids Research 期刊在线发表了题为:An in-library ligation strategy and its application in CRISPR/Cas9 screening of high-order gRNA combinations 的研究论文。

该研究开发了一种高通量的核酸连接策略——In-library Ligation,可以在文库内将上万条 DNA 片段按既定设计进行匹配连接。在合成片段长度一定的条件下,In-library Ligation 可以高通量地延长产物DNA片段的长度,容纳更多的目标序列用于下游应用。

In-library Ligation 的设计核心在于结合了生物信息学序列设计和对分子生物学切口酶的灵活应用。能够在文库中的 DNA 片段上,构建出具有足够复杂度的超长粘性末端,使得成千上万的片段能够在一个反应体系中以预先设计好的顺序和组合精准配对。

团队将 In-library Ligation 技术应用于构建 CRISPR 筛选文库。他们首先针对1599个基因在各种信号通路中的分布,构建了6236个4 gRNA 组合,每个组合靶向1599中基因中的4个,并用经典的 Jurkat 细胞体外激活实验验证了 In-library Ligation 技术在 CRISPR 文库筛选中的可行性。

随后,团队又针对六种免疫检查点基因,构建了靶向1个、2个、3个或4个免疫检查点基因的所有可能的 gRNA 组合,并包装为 CRISPR 慢病毒文库,基因编辑小鼠原代 CD8+T 细胞。基因编辑后的工程化 T 细胞被注射到荷瘤小鼠体内构建肿瘤杀伤模型。团队发现,在浸润入肿瘤的T细胞群体中,敲除了不同免疫检查点组合的工程化T细胞体现出不同的富集效应。其中,同时敲除了 Pdcd1,Adora2a 和 Ctla4 三个基因(简称PAC)的工程化 T 细胞体现出比其他 T 细胞更高的活性。在后续的验证中,敲除了 PAC组合的 T 细胞还体现出了更突出的控制肿瘤大小的能力,并延长了荷瘤小鼠的生存期。

总之,In-library Ligation 技术为高通量、高复杂度、可控的 DNA 片段连接提供了解决方案,可应用于 CRISPR 文库构建、长片段 DNA 文库合成等应用场景。通过 In-library Ligation 构建 CRISPR 文库筛选出的 PAC 组合,为靶向多个免疫检查点的联合免疫治疗、构建增强型 CAR-T 细胞提供了新思路。

西湖大学博士生陆志科、博士后倪科,博士生王颖盈是论文的共同第一作者,西湖大学马丽佳教授是论文的通讯作者。

西湖大学生命科学学院马丽佳实验室关注真核生物基因表达调控所依据的基因组解码过程。实验室擅长开发和使用高通量实验技术、特别是功能基因组学技术,结合计算生物学和机器学习,通过数字化生物学过程来理解基因组的奥秘。欢迎有共同兴趣的研究人员报考博士研究生和申请博士后职位。

原始出处:

Zhike Lu, Ke Ni, Yingying Wang, et al. An in-library ligation strategy and its application in CRISPR/Cas9 screening of high-order gRNA combinations. Nucleic Acids Research, gkac458, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac458.

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