Baidu
map

2016 高龄老年冠心病诊治中国专家共识

2016-07-30 中华医学会老年医学分会 中华老年医学杂志.2016,35(7):683-691.

为更好地规范高龄冠心病患者的治疗,提高临床诊治水平,中华医学会老年医学分会组织国内专家就高龄老年冠心病常见类型稳定性冠心病和急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的临床特点、风险评估及处理原则制定以下共识,供临床医生参考。

中文标题:

2016 高龄老年冠心病诊治中国专家共识

发布日期:

2016-07-30

简要介绍:

稳定性冠心病的特点是发生可逆性的心肌需氧和(或)供氧不匹配,与缺血或低氧有关,通常由运动、情绪或其他负荷状态诱发,可重复出现,但也可呈自发性发作。临床表现包括劳力性心绞痛、血管痉挛所致静息性心绞痛、无症状性心绞痛、缺血性心肌病等。 

诊断措施选择 

1.心电图:普通心电图是稳定性冠心病诊断中的首选项目,但对阴性结果的判读应慎重,因为有可能合并其他问题造成心电图对缺血反应不敏感,与症状相关的心电图动态改变有助于诊断。24h动态心电图有助于提高心肌缺血的检出率,建议对疑诊冠心病的高龄患者常规应用。 

2.负荷试验:负荷试验包括平板运动心电图和药物负荷超声心动图、心肌核素等。在稳定性冠心病中,高龄人群行运动负荷心电图及负荷影像等检查困难较大,因为肌肉力量不足等问题,常会造成假阴性;而因为合并存在既往心肌梗死或左心室肥厚等问题,假阳性也比较常见。虽然年龄不是运动负荷试验的绝对禁忌证,但80岁及以上患者原则上不建议做运动负荷试验。如果确有必要,建议行药物负荷试验,如腺苷负荷心肌核素,但检查过程中应密切监测患者的症状、体征及心电图变化。负荷试验亦可提供预后信息,负荷试验阴性提示1年预后良好。 

3.冠状动脉CT:适应证:(1)冠心病诊断;(2)经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前及术后评价;(3)冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术评价;(4)非冠心病心脏手术前的冠状动脉评价;(5)电生理射频消融术前诊断;(6)心肌病的鉴别诊断。 

注意事项:(1)对于64排以上的CT,建议心率低于70次/min,双源CT建议低于90次/min。高龄人群的心律失常发生率较高,如频发期前收缩和心房颤动者,视心室率快慢及临床医师和患者的意愿决定是否进行扫描,不能保证检查的图像质量是否满足诊断要求时,建议与患者达成文字共识。建议服用β一受体阻滞剂以稳定心率。高龄人群的呼吸和屏气能力较弱,检查前的呼吸训练尤为重要。(2)对比剂的使用参考使用指南,高龄人群肾功能不全发病率较高,需更精细地使用对比剂,必要时水化。(3)高龄人群普遍存在冠状动脉钙化的现象,影响冠状动脉管腔狭窄判读的准确性。严重钙化节段(钙化积分大于100分)导致冠状动脉CT诊断冠心病的特异性和阳性预测值下降,高龄患者检查失败和并发症发生率更高。 

4.冠状动脉造影:冠状动脉造影仍是稳定性冠心病诊断的“金标准”。高龄增加冠状动脉造影风险,然而.即使年龄>75岁的患者有生命危险的风险仍然<0.2%,其他严重恶性事件的风险<0.5%。法国一项队列研究入选了522例80岁以上诊断为冠心痛的患者,其中97例稳定性心绞痛,其余为ACS,但即使含有病情更复杂的急诊人群,这一队列单纯接受冠状动脉造影的患者未出现局部或全身并发症,表明冠状动脉造影在高龄人群仍较为安全。80岁以上患者冠状动脉造影适应讧的掌握应更为严格。高龄患者肾功能减退,合并用药如二甲双胍等药物的比例高,故在冠状动脉造影围术期的处理应注意。

为更好地规范高龄冠心病患者的治疗,提高临床诊治水平,中华医学会老年医学分会组织国内专家就高龄老年冠心病常见类型稳定性冠心病和急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的临床特点、风险评估及处理原则制定以下共识,供临床医生参考。

制定者:
中华医学会老年医学分会

下载附件:

(因为版权问题,不支持下载)

评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1179321, encodeId=464511e9321c0, content=非常好的内容, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01af1957237, createdName=1e129e46m43(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Dec 31 15:13:45 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134136, encodeId=9f49134136a3, content=很好的资料 学习 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133086, encodeId=dd9a133086f7, content=下载 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132913, encodeId=b0e9132913cb, content=下载学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e171951461, createdName=1e116194m39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 22 11:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132429, encodeId=7461132429ef, content=很有收获,受教了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 17:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-31 1e129e46m43(暂无匿称)

    非常好的内容

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1179321, encodeId=464511e9321c0, content=非常好的内容, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01af1957237, createdName=1e129e46m43(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Dec 31 15:13:45 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134136, encodeId=9f49134136a3, content=很好的资料 学习 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133086, encodeId=dd9a133086f7, content=下载 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132913, encodeId=b0e9132913cb, content=下载学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e171951461, createdName=1e116194m39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 22 11:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132429, encodeId=7461132429ef, content=很有收获,受教了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 17:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-24 zwjnj2

    很好的资料 学习 学习 谢谢

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1179321, encodeId=464511e9321c0, content=非常好的内容, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01af1957237, createdName=1e129e46m43(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Dec 31 15:13:45 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134136, encodeId=9f49134136a3, content=很好的资料 学习 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133086, encodeId=dd9a133086f7, content=下载 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132913, encodeId=b0e9132913cb, content=下载学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e171951461, createdName=1e116194m39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 22 11:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132429, encodeId=7461132429ef, content=很有收获,受教了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 17:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-22 zwjnj2

    下载 学习 谢谢

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1179321, encodeId=464511e9321c0, content=非常好的内容, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01af1957237, createdName=1e129e46m43(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Dec 31 15:13:45 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134136, encodeId=9f49134136a3, content=很好的资料 学习 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133086, encodeId=dd9a133086f7, content=下载 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132913, encodeId=b0e9132913cb, content=下载学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e171951461, createdName=1e116194m39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 22 11:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132429, encodeId=7461132429ef, content=很有收获,受教了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 17:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-22 1e116194m39(暂无匿称)

    下载学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1179321, encodeId=464511e9321c0, content=非常好的内容, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01af1957237, createdName=1e129e46m43(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Dec 31 15:13:45 CST 2021, time=2021-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134136, encodeId=9f49134136a3, content=很好的资料 学习 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 08:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=133086, encodeId=dd9a133086f7, content=下载 学习 谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 14:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132913, encodeId=b0e9132913cb, content=下载学习, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5e171951461, createdName=1e116194m39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Sep 22 11:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132429, encodeId=7461132429ef, content=很有收获,受教了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160915/IMG57D9FE6543CB32530.jpg, createdBy=6f211949553, createdName=行好, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 17:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-21 行好

    很有收获,受教了

    0

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map