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JAMA Health Forum:患者导向付费模式是否与专业护理机构的患者康复治疗和健康结果相关?

2022-02-10 小文子 MedSci原创

PDPM的实施与治疗使用减少相关,而没有改变随后的住院风险和出院功能评分。

由专业护理机构(SNF)提供的康复服务是患者从住院到康复的关键部分。大约20%的医疗保险住院患者出院到SNF进行急性后期护理,其中绝大多数患者接受康复理疗、职业治疗、语言治疗服务。2019年10月,美国医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心实施了患者导向付费模式(PDPM),取代了“资源利用分组”(RUG)付费方式,这种改变可能为SNF提供了大量的治疗使用,创造了强大的财政激励。JAMA Health Forum杂志发表了一项研究评估PDPM的实施是否与患者的健康结局有关。

本横断面研究纳入2018年1月至2020年3月期间因髋部骨折入住SNF的65岁及以上按服务收费的医疗保险受益人。对患者应用PDPM后入住专业护理中心。主要结局是治疗应用,根据最小数据集(MDS)评估报告中所提供的前7天康复理疗、职业治疗和语言治疗的总时长来测量。主要观察指标有个体和非个体每天治疗分钟数、SNF入院40天内住院情况、SNF住院时间超过40天、出院日常生活活动评分。

研究队列纳入201084例急性后期护理患者(平均年龄83.8[8.3]岁; 其中143830例女性[71.5%]; 18854例白人患者[92.4%]; 147711例患者在实施PDPM前入院,53373例患者在实施PDPM后入院。研究者观察到,个体治疗减少(RD估计值: −15.9分钟/天; 95%CI, −16.9 ~ −14.6),非个体治疗增加(RD估计值: 3.6分钟/天; 95%CI, 3.4 ~ 3.8)。与实施PDPM前相比,实施PDPM后入院的患者在入院后第一周的总治疗时间约降低12分钟/天(95%CI, -13.3 ~ -11.3)(约13%)。再次住院(增加0.31个百分点; 95%CI, -1.46 ~ 2.09)、SNF住院时间(住院超过40天的可能性降低2.7个百分点; 95%CI, -4.83 ~ -0.54)、出院时功能评分(日常生活活动能力评分增加0.04分; 95%CI, -0.19 ~ 0.26)方面没有一致性且无统计学意义的连续性。2020年3月下旬,非个体治疗分钟数降至几乎为零,可能是由于SNF中COVID-19相关的活动限制。

在这项PDPM实施后SNF入院的横断面研究中,实施PDPM后观察到总治疗时间减少,尽管PDPM被设计为中性预算。未观察到急性后期患者结局的显著变化。仍需进一步研究明确PDPM实施是否与较好的出院结局相关。

原文出处:

Momotazur Rahman, Elizabeth M. White, et al, Association Between the Patient Driven Payment Model and Therapy Utilization and Patient Outcomes in US Skilled Nursing Facilities, JAMA Health Forum.2022; doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.4366.

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