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Lancet Oncol:围手术期化疗对于结直肠癌肝转移患者的总体生存期获益并无显著影响

2013-10-21 echo1166 www.thelancet.com

研究要点:1.既往研究证实,在结直肠癌肝转移患者中,手术联合围手术期化疗能改善上述患者的无进展生存期。2.延长随访时间后结果证实,手术联合围手术期化疗对上述患者的总体生存期获益并无显著影响。3.但是,围手术期进行FOLFOX4方案化疗应该仍作为上述患者人群的参考治疗方案。EORTC组间研究40983的既往结果提示对于结直肠癌早期肝转移的患者而言,与仅接受手术治疗的患者相比,采用FOLFOX4方

研究要点:

1.既往研究证实,在结直肠癌肝转移患者中,手术联合围手术期化疗能改善上述患者的无进展生存期。

2.延长随访时间后结果证实,手术联合围手术期化疗对上述患者的总体生存期获益并无显著影响。

3.但是,围手术期进行FOLFOX4方案化疗应该仍作为上述患者人群的参考治疗方案。

EORTC组间研究40983的既往结果提示对于结直肠癌早期肝转移的患者而言,与仅接受手术治疗的患者相比,采用FOLFOX4方案(叶酸、氟尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂)进行围手术期化疗的患者的无进展生存期延长。在本文中,来自于法国凡赛尔大学的Bernard Nordlinger等发表了上述研究的长期随访结果——与总体生存期相关的数据,本文发表在Lancent Oncol 10月的在线期刊上。

本研究为随机、对照、平行分组的3期临床研究,研究所纳入了来自于分布在欧洲、澳大利亚和香港的78家医院。符合入组标准的受试者为年龄在18岁至80岁之间,既往经组织学证实为结直肠癌,并且在肝脏上至多有4处转移灶的患者。

研究者将符合上述标准的受试者按照1:1的比例随机分为两组,一组在围手术期接受FOLFOX4方案的化疗,另一组仅接受手术治疗。围手术期FOLFOX4方案包括14天一个疗程的化疗共计6个疗程,方案为第1-2天奥沙利铂 85mg/m2、叶酸200mg/m2(DL型)或100mg/m2(L型)静脉推注,氟尿嘧啶400mg/m2静脉推注,以及600mg/m2持续22小时滴注,在术前术后进行。

研究者采用中央最小随机化对患者进行随机化分组,并根据患者所处的治疗中心、风险评分和在初始结直肠癌手术治疗之前所接受的辅助化疗方案进行调整,本研究为开放标签式研究。研究者在所有接受随机化分组的受试者中采用意向治疗分析法对总体生存期结果进行分析。本研究在ClinicalTrials.gov注册,注册号为NCT00006479。

在2000年10月10日至2004年7月5日期间,研究者共纳入了364名受试者,每组182人,每组有171人符合入组标准,每组有152人接受了手术治疗。在经过了8.5年的中位随访时间之后,在围手术期化疗组中有107人死亡,而在单手术组中有114人死亡,HR为0.88,两组差异不具有显著统计学意义。

在所有接受随机分组的患者中,中位生存期在围手术期化疗组合单手术组中分别为61.3月和54.3月。5年总体生存率在围手术期化疗组和单手术组中分别为51.2%和47.8%。在围手术期化疗组和单手术组中分别有2人和3人死于手术并发症,在围手术期化疗组中有一名患者可能死于治疗的毒性反应。

本研究结果指出,在可经手术切除的结直肠癌肝转移患者中,与仅接受手术治疗的患者相比,按照FOLFOX4方案进行围手术期化疗并不能显著改善患者的生存期。然而,既往的研究观察到增加围手术期化疗能改善患者的无进展生存期,这提示围手术期进行FOLFOX4方案化疗应该仍作为上述患者人群的参考治疗方案。

研究背景:

对于可经手术切除的肝转移患者而言手术治疗是唯一的可能治愈治疗方法,然而,仅有15%-20%的肝转移患者在最初就能进行根治性手术治疗。在手术后能达到5年生存期的患者所占的比例介于20%至50%之间。在经过以治愈为目的的肝脏切除术后,据报道在三分之二的患者中会出现复发,其中有半数是出现在残余的肝脏中。出现复发最可能的原因是在手术后仍然残存的微病变。

因此,在结直肠癌肝转移患者的治疗方案中,研究者开始对于手术联合化疗这一治疗方案发生兴趣。至今为止,针对经过手术治疗的结直肠癌肝转移患者所进行的辅助化疗(静脉给药或肝动脉给药)的疗效进行了随机研究,结果提示患者的预后得到了一定改善,但是目前还没有证实辅助化疗所带来的具体获益。

由于上述原因的存在,我们的研究小组计划在一个3期临床研究中评估围手术期化疗(在手术前后),即在可接受根治性手术的患者中,上述方法能清除可能残存的微病灶。在还没有接受手术治疗的患者中,进一步的研究目标是降低肝脏转移性病灶的大小,因此能帮助改善肝切除术的结果。
欧洲肿瘤研究和治疗组织所进行的组间研究4098310的既往已经发表的结果提示在结直肠癌肝转移的患者中,与仅接受手术治疗的患者相比,手术治疗联合围手术期化疗(FOLFOX4方案)——叶酸、氟尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂——能增加患者的无进展生存期。

在所有接受随机化分组的患者中,在第3年时存活的患者和未出现病情进展的患者所占的比例的绝对差异为7.3%,在手术治疗组中3年无进展生存率为28.1%,在围手术期化疗联合手术组为35.4%,HR为0.79,差异暂无显著统计学差异。

而在所有符合条件被纳入分析的患者中(经由研究者所评估的根据实验方案符合入组标准的受试者),在第3年时存活患者和未出现病情进展的患者所占的比例的绝对差异为8.1%,在手术治疗组中3年无进展生存率为28.1%,在围手术期化疗联合手术组为36.2%,HR为0.77,差异具有显著统计学差异。

但是与仅接受手术治疗的患者相比,手术联合围手术期化疗组的患者在术后发生可逆性并发症的比例更高,两组分别为16%和25%,差异具有显著统计学意义。然而,与仅接受手术治疗的患者相比,在手术联合围手术期化疗组中,接受非治疗性剖腹探查的患者所占的比例更低,分别为11%和5%,差异具有显著统计学意义。

在增加了随访年限之后,我们希望比较研究的次要终点事件,即总体生存期在仅接受手术治疗和手术联合围手术期化疗组中的差异。

原文检索:

Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, Poston GJ, Schlag PM, Rougier P, Bechstein WO, Primrose JN, Walpole ET, Finch-Jones M, Jaeck D, Mirza D, Parks RW, Mauer M, Tanis E, Van Cutsem E, Scheithauer W, Gruenberger T; for the EORTC Gastro-Intestinal Tract Cancer Group; Cancer Research UK; Arbeitsgruppe Lebermetastasen und–tumoren in der Chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Onkologie (ALM-CAO); Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG); Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive (FFCD).Perioperative FOLFOX4 chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC 40983): long-term results of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.Lancet Oncol. 2013 Oct 10. pii: S1470-2045(13)70447-9. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70447-9.

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    2014-01-16 minlingfeng
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    2014-06-04 howi
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