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Annals of Neurology:血脑屏障破坏,AD和血管疾病风险高

2021-10-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

血脑屏障损伤与AD和血管风险有关,但其影响可根据空间尺度进行区分。BBB对小分子的渗透性对认知能力有更大的影响。

认知障碍和痴呆影响着全球5000多万人。最近的文献表明,血脑屏障(BBB)的损伤可能在这一过程中发挥关键作用,并为治疗干预提供了新的靶点。血脑屏障由血管内皮细胞和支持细胞形成,调节血液-大脑物质交换和保护中枢神经系统免受神经毒素和病原体影响的功能。体内研究还表明,与健康对照组相比,认知障碍患者的脑脊液(CSF)具有更高的血源性白蛋白浓度,表明BBB破坏。然而,认知障碍中BBB破坏与大脑病理学之间的关系仍知之甚少。阿尔茨海默病病理学和血管风险及其混合表现占认知障碍患者的80%以上。一些研究表明,BBB破坏与淀粉样β肽(Aβ)积累有关,从而将BBB与阿尔茨海默病(AD)病理学联系起来。其他研究表明BBB破坏与血管风险有关。

Hanzhang Lu等在两个空间尺度上评估有认知障碍和无认知障碍的老年人的BBB通透性。研究结果发表在Annals of Neurology杂志。

该研究采用的两种方式是:1.使用一种新的非对比磁共振成像(MRI)技术,即水提取与相位对比动脉自旋标记(WEPCAST)MRI,来测量BBB对水分子的渗透率。2.白蛋白的通透性,通过测量从腰穿(LP)获得的脑脊液中的白蛋白浓度并使其与血清白蛋白正常化。对轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者与年龄匹配的认知正常对照组的BBB对这2种分子的通透性进行了比较。研究了BBB破坏与认知能力之间的关系。此外,还研究了BBB破坏与AD病理学以及血管风险之间的关系。

该研究在2个分子尺度上测量了轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者的血脑屏障功能,特别是血脑屏障对水和白蛋白分子的通透性。选择55名老年人,包括33名MCI患者和22名对照组。BBB对水的通透性是用一种新的磁共振成像技术测量的,即水提取和相位对比动脉自旋标记。使用脑脊液(CSF)/血清白蛋白比率测定BBB对白蛋白的通透性。认知能力通过特定领域的综合得分进行评估。检测AD病理(包括CSF Aβ和ptau)和血管危险因素。

测定血脑屏障(BBB)对水和白蛋白的渗透性。

该研究发现与认知正常的受试者相比,MCI患者的BBB对水等小分子的通透性增加,但对白蛋白等大分子的通透性没有增加。

血脑屏障通透性与临床诊断认知的关系。(A)轻度认知障碍(MCI)与对照组的水渗透率-表面积积(PS)箱线图。(* P < 0.05)。(B) MCI组与对照组脑脊液/血清白蛋白比值箱图。(C)水PS与记忆z分数之间的散点图。(D)水PS与复合认知的散点图。

血脑屏障通透性与阿尔茨海默病病理和血管风险的关系。(A)渗透率-表面积积(PS)与脑脊液(CSF) Aβ42/Aβ40水平的散点图。(B) PS与CSF ptau水平的散点图。(C) CSF/血清白蛋白比值与血管危险评分的散点图。(D)脑脊液/血清白蛋白比值与高胆固醇血症的散点图。

BBB对水的通透性与CSF Aβ和ptau的AD标记物有关。另一方面,BBB对白蛋白的通透性与血管危险因素有关,尤其是高胆固醇血症,但与AD病理无关。BBB对小分子的通透性,而不是对大分子的通透性可以预测认知功能。

上图说明血脑屏障(BBB)的泄漏可以是小分子和大分子特异的。(A)正常BBB。(B)对小分子(如水)有泄漏,但对大分子没有泄漏的BBB。黑点表示泄漏点。毛细血管中有大量的小渗漏。(C)血脑屏障是大分子渗漏,例如白蛋白。泄漏点数量有限,导致白蛋白缓慢泄漏,但它们对水渗透性的影响很小,因为泄漏点只存在于毛细血管的一个分支(本例中为五分之一)。

该研究发现与对照组相比,MCI患者血脑屏障通透性更高。脑脊液中对水等小分子的渗透性增加与Aβ42和ptau水平降低和认知功能下降有关。另一方面,血脑屏障对白蛋白等大分子的通透性变化与血管危险因素有关。这些发现表明,血脑屏障损伤与AD和血管风险有关,但其影响可根据空间尺度进行区分。BBB对小分子的渗透性对认知能力有更大的影响。

原文出处

Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Relationship to Alzheimer and Vascular Disease[J]. Annals of neurology.

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    2021-11-14 yinhl1978
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    2021-11-05 Dr.congcong

    脑脊液成分目前有哪些前沿的研究?

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阿尔茨海默病目前是最昂贵的卫生保健问题之一,中年(50-65岁)的高血压使患痴呆症的风险增加38%。高血压和脑血管功能障碍可导致脑血流量减少、脑血管自动调节功

警惕!使用这些药物会使痴呆风险增加

阿尔茨海默病(AD),又称老年痴呆,目前没有办法治愈,是一个严重危及公共健康的问题。但是如果能够推迟发病时间,产生的公众健康收益是巨大的。因此,找到AD发病的风险因素就显得非常重要。

Annals of Neurology:阿尔茨海默病潜在治疗靶点:后内侧、前颞网络

后-内侧和前-颞网络在阿尔茨海默病的病理生理学和临床症状中的关键作用。

EBCAM:基于网络药理学的黄芪四君子汤治疗阿尔茨海默病机制研究

目前临床治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)最常用药物是胆碱酯酶抑制剂,只能改善部分症状,需要寻找新的药物和治疗方法。黄芪四君子汤对AD有一定疗效,但具体治疗作用和机制尚未明确,该研究基于网络药理学进行探索。

Lancet Neurol:血浆磷酸化 tau 217 和磷酸化 tau 181 作为阿尔茨海默病和额颞叶变性的生物标志物

p-tau217 和 p-tau181 在区分阿尔茨海默病综合征患者与其他神经退行性疾病方面具有出色的诊断性能。

Lancet Neurol:唐氏综合征和常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病脑脊液生物标志物的比较

CSF 生物标志物模式在唐氏综合征和常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病中有许多相似之处,因此反映了阿尔茨海默病病理生理学中的一个共同途径,独立于潜在的初始遗传原因。

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