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Nature: 病毒攻击实验结果显示新冠肺炎重组腺病毒疫苗可产生有效保护

2020-08-13 佚名 病毒学界

随着新冠肺炎疫情的发展,SARS-CoV-2病毒的神秘面纱逐步揭开,群众也不再谈毒色变,其实任何病毒都是可防可控。注意公共卫生,减少聚集可有效防止该病毒的迅速播散。疫苗是控制大流行又一重要

 随着新冠肺炎疫情的发展,SARS-CoV-2病毒的神秘面纱逐步揭开,群众也不再谈毒色变,其实任何病毒都是可防可控。注意公共卫生,减少聚集可有效防止该病毒的迅速播散。疫苗是控制大流行又一重要利器。

目前我国的新冠疫苗研发一直引领世界。1家重组腺病毒、3家灭活、1家重组亚单位、1家mRNA疫苗均获得临床批件,其中灭活疫苗已经成功进入三期临床。其余的大约还有150余种候选疫苗正在研发中。

近日,国际知名期刊Nature刊发了来自美国NIH(国家过敏与传染病研究所)和英国牛津大学等研究机构的研究人员的重组腺病毒载体候选疫苗ChAdOx1 nCoV-19的动物试验结果。结果显示该疫苗可诱导产生强大的体液免疫反应和细胞介导的免疫反应。

接种疫苗的恒河猴在SARS-CoV-2病毒攻击后的支气管肺泡灌洗液和下呼吸道组织中的病毒载量显著降低,且接种疫苗的恒河猴没有出现肺炎。重要的是,在接种疫苗的恒河猴遭受病毒挑战后,这些研究人员未观察疾病出现抗体依赖性增强作用的证据。

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2608-y

该候选疫苗是一种表达SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的黑猩猩腺病毒载体(ChAdOx1)疫苗。它采用感染黑猩猩的普通感冒病毒(腺病毒),对它进行毒性弱化使之不能引起人类的任何疾病,并对它进行基因改造使之编码人类SARS-CoV-2病毒刺突蛋白。这意味着当这种腺病毒进入接种疫苗的人的细胞时,它也会递送这种刺突蛋白的遗传密码。这将使得这些人的细胞产生刺突蛋白,并帮助教导免疫系统识别SARS-CoV-2病毒。

接种ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗(不论是仅初免,还是初免-加强免疫接种)可诱导恒河猴产生平衡的Th1/Th2体液和细胞免疫反应。与对照恒河猴相比,接种疫苗的恒河猴在遭遇SARS-CoV-2病毒攻击后的支气管肺泡灌洗液和下呼吸道组织中的病毒载量显著降低,且接种疫苗的恒河猴没有出现肺炎。然而,接种疫苗的恒河猴和对照恒河猴之间的鼻腔病毒脱落没有差异。重要的是,在接种疫苗的恒河猴遭受病毒挑战后,这些研究人员未观察疾病出现抗体依赖性增强作用的证据。

         

值得注意的是这只是动物试验结果,我国的相似产品陈薇院士的新冠重组腺病毒疫苗II期临床已经结束,结果良好,即将三期临床,期待捷报频传!   

原始出处:Neeltje van DoremalenTeresa Lambe, Alexandra Spencer, et al. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. Nature. 2020, July 30.
 

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    2021-07-22 liye789132251
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    2020-08-14 lovetcm

    #新冠疫苗#俄罗斯是这种

    0

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    2020-08-13 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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