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Science:防治新冠病毒,美国或需社交隔离至2022年

2020-04-15 中国生物技术网 中国生物技术网

发表在《Science》上的一项新报告中,美国哈佛大学流行病学家Marc Lipsitch领导的研究团队表示,

发表在《Science》上的一项新报告中,美国哈佛大学流行病学家Marc Lipsitch领导的研究团队表示,一次性的封锁措施并不能阻止新冠病毒的传播。为了防止医院不堪重负,美国或需保持社交隔离措施直至2022年。

这项研究出炉之时,正值美国疫情进入高峰之际。截止到今天下午一点,美国已确诊病例累积614246人,死亡26064人。

在研究中,该团队假设新冠肺炎会像导致与普通感冒密切相关的冠状病毒一样,成为季节性疾病,在寒冷的月份传播率更高。

图片来源:Science

但作者表示,仍有很多未知因素,包括先前感染所获得的免疫水平和持续时间。该研究第一作者、哈佛大学T.H. Chen公共卫生学院免疫学和传染病学系Stephen Kissler博士说:“我们发现,一次性的社交隔离措施可能不足以将新冠病毒的发病率维持在美国重症监护能力的范围内。在缺乏其他治疗方法的情况下,间歇性的社交隔离似乎是必要的。”

研究团队表示,需要进行广泛的病毒检测,以确定何时跨越了重新触发距离的阈值。

随着治疗和疫苗的出现,封锁的持续时间和强度可以放松。除此之外,间歇性社交隔离会让医院有时间提高重症监护能力,以应对措施放松后可能出现的病例激增。 

研究通讯作者、Marc Lipsitch教授说:“通过允许传播期达到比其他传播期更高的流行率,可以加速获得群体免疫。”。

相反,在不间断的情况下进行过多的社交隔离可能是一件坏事。该研究称,在一个模拟的情景下,社会隔离非常有效,但几乎没有建立起人口免疫力,因此需要采取间歇性的方法。 

作者承认,他们的模型的一个主要缺点是对以前感染者的免疫力有多强以及能持续多久还知之甚少。

目前,根据与新冠病毒相关冠状病毒的数据,最好的猜测是,它可以提供大约一年的免疫力。如果一个人感染了一种引起普通感冒的冠状病毒,那么对新冠肺炎也可能有交叉保护性免疫。 

但是,有一件事几乎是肯定的,新冠病毒将持续存在。研究团队表示,不太可能产生足够的免疫力和足够长的持续时间,足以使新冠肺炎在初次暴发后消失,就像2002-2003年SARS暴发那样。

他们认为,刚刚进入市场的抗体检测,以及寻找一个人是否曾被感染,对于回答这些关于免疫的重要问题将是至关重要的,而疫苗仍然是终极武器

参考文献:

Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb5793

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    2020-04-17 jichang
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    2020-04-17 fengyi818
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    2020-04-15 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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