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Lancet Oncol:叶定伟教授团队发现瑞维鲁胺治疗转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌疗效显著!(CHART研究)

2022-09-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

早期发现、早期治疗仍然是前列腺癌患者获得长期生存的关键前提。

2022年9月5日,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院泌尿外科叶定伟团队在《Lancet Oncology》杂志上发表了研究论文,该研究历时4年多,比较了“瑞维鲁胺联合去势疗法”和经典的“比卡鲁胺联合去势疗法”在高瘤负荷转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌(mHSPC)患者中的疗效和安全性,证实首个由我国自主研发的全新二代抗雄药物“瑞维鲁胺(rezvilutamide)”联合雄激素剥夺疗法(去势治疗)相较经典治疗方案,该方案可将转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者的死亡风险降低42%,影像学进展风险降低56%!该研究结果在国际顶尖期刊上的发表标志着转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌治疗‘中国方案’得到了广泛认可。

前列腺癌治疗困局亟需破解

前列腺癌是发病率非常高的恶性肿瘤,在世界范围内,高居男性恶性肿瘤发病率的第二位,仅次于肺癌。中国前列腺癌患者约70%在初诊时已是晚期,5年生存率只有53.8%。近年来,随着新药研发以及相关临床研究的开展,转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌在治疗手段方面发生了根本性的变化。以雄激素剥夺疗法为基础的综合治疗,现已成为mCSPC的主要治疗手段以及临床研究热点。

早期前列腺癌治疗效果良好,近期复旦大学附属肿瘤医院公布了6000例早期前列腺癌疗效数据,叶定伟教授说:“早期患者的5年生存率近100%。但我国晚期患者比例高,70%的患者初诊时已是中晚期,这也是导致我国前列腺癌患者整体生存状况不佳的主要原因。一旦初诊时疾病已发展至中晚期,那就意味着很多患者失去了手术根治的机会,这些患者往往只能通过内分泌治疗来控制疾病的进展。”几乎所有接受传统内分泌治疗的转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者在1-2年后变为耐药性前列腺癌且情况会迅速恶化。目前,对于这类晚期前列腺癌患者的治疗选择十分有限。

前列腺癌治疗“中国方案”的显著效果

当前通用的前列腺癌治疗方案多是以欧美发达国家的研究为基础。我国前列腺癌患者的发病特征和诊疗现状较国外有一定的差异,因此寻求更贴近、更适合国人的晚期前列腺癌患者的治疗方案十分重要。

叶定伟教授团将目标锁定到药物“瑞维鲁胺”——一款具有我国自主知识产权的新型雄激素受体抑制剂,该药物本身在分子结构上进行了重要创新和改良,更适合中国前列腺癌人群。在随后的研究中,叶定伟教授联合了全球72家参研中心,研究共入组654例患者,国内患者占比90.4%。通过比较“瑞维鲁胺联合去势疗法”和经典的“比卡鲁胺联合去势疗法”在高瘤负荷转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者中的疗效和安全性,进而获得更优的治疗方案选择。

这项研究命名为CHART研究,是一项在中国、波兰、捷克共和国和保加利亚的 72 家医院进行的多国、随机、开放标签、主动控制的 3 期试验。符合条件的患者是 18 岁或以上的男性,其组织学或细胞学证实为前列腺腺癌,没有神经内分泌分化或小细胞组织学。患者必须患有多个病灶,定义为通过 [99Tc] 进行骨扫描时存在 4 个或更多骨病灶,且至少有 1 个病灶超出骨盆或脊柱,或存在内脏转移(不包括淋巴结)。其他关键纳入标准包括东部肿瘤协作组 (ECOG) 体能状态为 0 或 1 分和足够的器官功能(绝对中性粒细胞计数至少 1·5 × 10⁹/L,血小板计数至少100 × 10⁹/L,血红蛋白浓度至少90 g/L,总胆红素达到正常上限的1·5倍,丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶达到正常上限的2·5倍,血尿素氮和肌酸高达正常上限的 1·5 倍,且左心室射血分数至少为 50%)。允许先前的 ADT 治疗(同时使用或不使用抗雄激素),前提是该治疗未在研究治疗开始前 3 个月内进行,并且患者没有疾病或临床上有意义的前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 进展的影像学证据。如果在治疗开始前至少 4 周完成并且所有与治疗相关的不良事件已解决至最大严重程度,则允许有经尿道前列腺切除术、单疗程姑息性放疗或因转移性病变相关症状而进行手术的病史根据不良事件通用术语标准 (CTCAE) 4.03 版,为 1 级。不允许以前对前列腺癌进行化学疗法或其他局部治疗。已接受或打算使用第二代雄激素受体抑制剂、酮康唑、醋酸阿比特龙或其他抑制雄激素合成的研究药物的患者被排除在外。

患者被随机分配 (1:1) 接受 ADT 与 rezvilutamide(rezvilutamide 组)或比卡鲁胺(比卡鲁胺组)通过交互式响应技术系统(区组大小为 4)。 根据 ECOG 体能状态评分(0 或 1)和是否存在内脏转移(不包括淋巴结;是或否)对随机化进行分层。 每个站点的研究人员登记患者并根据生成的随机序列分配他们。 研究人员和患者并未隐瞒治疗分配,但独立审查委员会 (IRC) 以隐蔽方式对影像数据进行中央评估。

Rezvilutamide (240 mg) 和比卡鲁胺 (50 mg) 在 28 天的治疗周期中每天口服一次,直至疾病进展、不可接受的毒性、撤回同意或研究者决定。 在整个研究过程中,患者接受了手术 ADT 或促黄体生成素释放激素激动剂或拮抗剂(根据包装说明书)的背景治疗。 rezvilutamide 的剂量中断和减少是允许的(最多两次,首先是 160 mg,然后是 80 mg)。 根据制造商的说明允许中断比卡鲁胺的剂量,但不允许减少比卡鲁胺的剂量。

共同主要终点是意向治疗人群中 IRC 评估的影像学无进展生存期和总生存期。影像学无进展生存期定义为从随机化到首次记录影像学进展或死亡的时间,以先发生者为准。影像学进展包括根据 RECIST 通过 CT 或 MRI 评估的软组织病变进展,或根据修改后的 PCWG3.21 进行骨扫描的骨病变进展。总生存期定义为从随机化到任何原因死亡的时间。次要终点是研究者评估的影像学无进展生存期、至 PSA 进展的时间(定义为根据 PCWG3 标准从随机化至 PSA 进展的时间)、至下一次骨骼相关事件的时间(定义为从随机化至首次观察骨骼的时间) -相关事件[包括骨折、脊髓压迫、放射或骨手术]或死亡,以先发生者为准),开始新的抗前列腺癌治疗的时间(定义为从随机分组到开始任何后续前列腺治疗的时间癌症或死亡,以先发生者为准),客观缓解率(由 IRC 根据 RECIST 和修改后的 PCWG3 评估,定义为根据 RECIST 获得完全缓解或部分缓解且根据修改后的 PCWG3 骨病变无进展性疾病的患者比例) , 和安全。

结果显示,2018 年 6 月 28 日至 2020 年 8 月 6 日期间,筛选了 792 名患者,入组 654 名患者,并随机分配接受 rezvilutamide 加 ADT(n=326)或比卡鲁胺加 ADT(n=328;图 1)治疗。 随机分配到 rezvilutamide 组的 2 名患者 (1%) 和随机分配到比卡鲁胺组的 5 名患者 (2%) 没有开始研究治疗,因为他们撤回了同意。 治疗组之间的患者特征平衡良好(表 1),所有患者在初始诊断时都有转移。

Table 1Baseline characteristics in the intention-to-treat population
      Rezvilutamide plus ADT (n=326) Bicalutamide plus ADT (n=328)
Age, years 69 (64–74) 69 (64–75)
Age group
  <70 years 169 (52%) 168 (51%)
  ≥70 years 157 (48%) 160 (49%)
Race
  Asian 295 (90%) 296 (90%)
  White 31 (10%) 32 (10%)
Region
  China 295 (90%) 296 (90%)
  Other regions 31 (10%) 32 (10%)
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status
  0 84 (26%) 87 (27%)
  1 242 (74%) 241 (73%)
Gleason score
  <8 47 (14%) 64 (20%)
  ≥8 276 (85%) 257 (78%)
  Missing data 3 (1%) 7 (2%)
Visceral metastases (excluding lymph nodes)
  Yes 64 (20%) 70 (21%)
  No 262 (80%) 258 (79%)
Extent of metastatic disease
  Bone only 123 (38%) 127 (39%)
  Soft tissue only 8 (2%) 2 (1%)
  Bone and soft tissue 195 (60%) 199 (61%)
Number of bone lesions
  ≤10 102 (31%) 103 (31%)
  11–20 72 (22%) 72 (22%)
  >20 152 (47%) 153 (47%)
PSA concentration, ng/mL 79 (13–314) 51 (8–232)
Baseline PSA above median
  Yes 173 (53%) 154 (47%)
  No 153 (47%) 174 (53%)
Baseline lactic acid dehydrogenase above upper limit of normal
  Yes 77 (24%) 64 (20%)
  No 244 (75%) 261 (80%)
  Missing data 5 (2%) 3 (1%)
Baseline alkaline phosphatase above upper limit of normal
  Yes 218 (67%) 216 (66%)
  No 104 (32%) 110 (34%)
  Missing data 4 (1%) 2 (1%)
Baseline pain score per Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form
  0 (no pain) 203 (62%) 206 (63%)
  1–3 (mild) 54 (17%) 50 (15%)
  4–7 (moderate) 62 (19%) 58 (18%)
  8–10 (severe) 7 (2%) 14 (4%)
Previous treatment
  Surgery 31 (10%) 29 (9%)
  ADT 183 (56%) 186 (57%)
    Bilateral orchiectomy 11 (3%) 18 (5%)
    Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist 174 (53%) 170 (52%)
  Antiandrogen 269 (83%) 270 (82%)
    Bicalutamide 259 (79%) 262 (80%)
    Flutamide 12 (4%) 12 (4%)
  Radiotherapy 3 (1%) 2 (1%)
  Others 9 (3%) 11 (3%)
Duration of previous androgen-deprivation therapy, months 1·0 (0·7–1·7) 1·0 (0·6–1·9)
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). ADT=androgen-deprivation therapy.

截至影像学无进展生存期中期分析的数据截止(2021 年 5 月 16 日),中位随访时间为 21·2 个月(IQR 16·6-25·8),218(67%)接受 rezvilutamide 加 ADT 的 326 名患者和接受比卡鲁胺加 ADT 的 328 名患者中有 93 名(28%)仍在接受研究治疗(图 1)。发生了 IRC 评估的影像学进展或死亡的 209 起事件(rezvilutamide 组 326 名患者中的 82 名 [25%] 和比卡鲁胺组 328 名患者中的 127 名 [39%])。与比卡鲁胺相比,Rezvilutamide 显着改善了 IRC 评估的中位影像学无进展生存期(HR 0·44 [95% CI 0·33–0·58];p<0·0001;图 2A)。 rezvilutamide 组未达到中位影像学无进展生存期(95% CI 未达到-未达到),而比卡鲁胺组为 25·1 个月(15·7-未达到)。瑞兹维鲁胺组的 2 年影像学无进展生存率为 72·3% (95% CI 66·3–77·4),比卡鲁胺组为 50·0% (43·1–56·5)。根据检查,没有证据表明存在非比例风险 (p=0·72)。除内脏转移患者和非中国患者外,所有亚组均观察到 rezvilutamide 对影像学无进展生存期的治疗效果(图 2B)。

研究结果显示,相较于比卡鲁胺组,瑞维鲁胺组患者发生影像学进展或死亡的风险降低了56%,且患者的生存时间显著延长,患者死亡风险降低了42%;在次要和探索性有效性终点上,瑞维鲁胺组患者同样显示出显著获益;此外,瑞维鲁胺组还显示出优异的安全性。

叶定伟教授说:“相较于经典方案,患者生存时间更长、药物安全性更高,这意味着转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌治疗有了全新的中国方案。”

创新药物研发将为更多晚期患者带来新希望

“在大众的认知中,往往对药物临床研究有所误解,担心成为新药研究的小白鼠,”叶定伟教授表示,“事实上,药物临床研究往往给患者带来更多的选择,让失去治疗机会的晚期患者能够用上国际前沿水平的药物,也会给部分患者极大的减轻经济负担,用药期间也会得到更全面的关注,CHART研究的成功就是很好的范例。”

叶定伟教授先后牵头国际国内多中心泌尿肿瘤新药及新技术临床研究70余项,占国内该领域临床研究的80%。瑞维鲁胺的另一项III期研究,即瑞维鲁胺围手术期治疗适合接受根治性前列腺切除术的局限高危或局部晚期前列腺癌的国际多中心、随机、对照、双盲的III期临床研究,目前正在有序推进中。

早期发现、早期治疗仍然是前列腺癌患者获得长期生存的关键前提。定期体检、做好前列腺癌筛查是防治前列腺癌的第一步。对于50岁以上的中年男性,叶定伟教授建议进行每年一次的血液PSA检查,一旦发现异常便可早期干预。

瑞维鲁胺

艾瑞恩(瑞维鲁胺片)是恒瑞医药研发的具有自主知识产权的新型AR抑制剂,2018年获得国家“十三五”重大新药创制科技重大专项的支持,2022年6月底获得国家药品监督管理局批准上市,该药适用于治疗高瘤负荷的转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌(mHSPC)患者。中国前列腺癌患者有了新的治疗选择

参考资料:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(22)00507-1/fulltext

注:本文旨在介绍医学研究进展,不能作为治疗方案参考。如需获得健康指导,请至正规医院就诊。

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    2023-02-07 minlingfeng
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1866708, encodeId=3d841866e0870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Tue Feb 07 16:30:07 CST 2023, time=2023-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1831651, encodeId=3efa18316516f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed May 17 09:30:07 CST 2023, time=2023-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2060531, encodeId=815d20605312d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94ea38694e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#叶定伟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38694, encryptionId=94ea38694e4, topicName=叶定伟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2e0330, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 15:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1286432, encodeId=b18212864328f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24395268347' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#性激素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52683, encryptionId=24395268347, topicName=性激素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=267e204, createdName=wangyang7958, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357981, encodeId=d3be135e98112, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1387032, encodeId=bbcd138e0324f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f08293399f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转移性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93399, encryptionId=f08293399f9, topicName=转移性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ac22500003, createdName=1249842em09(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1388581, encodeId=924c1388581e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ef25e5346b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#敏感性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57534, encryptionId=7ef25e5346b, topicName=敏感性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJnkE6UvGFfMS41qV0RicWvVTTeLMicqibeZH5GqO4YhNicyl1Y9jFhylIUBn9ntPYy9jhk5hrfic5cRYw/132, createdBy=5f822500020, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-05-17 howi
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1866708, encodeId=3d841866e0870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Tue Feb 07 16:30:07 CST 2023, time=2023-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1831651, encodeId=3efa18316516f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed May 17 09:30:07 CST 2023, time=2023-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2060531, encodeId=815d20605312d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94ea38694e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#叶定伟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38694, encryptionId=94ea38694e4, topicName=叶定伟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2e0330, createdName=huangdf, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 15:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1286432, encodeId=b18212864328f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24395268347' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#性激素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52683, encryptionId=24395268347, topicName=性激素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=267e204, createdName=wangyang7958, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357981, encodeId=d3be135e98112, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1387032, encodeId=bbcd138e0324f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f08293399f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转移性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93399, encryptionId=f08293399f9, topicName=转移性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1ac22500003, createdName=1249842em09(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1388581, encodeId=924c1388581e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ef25e5346b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#敏感性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57534, encryptionId=7ef25e5346b, topicName=敏感性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJnkE6UvGFfMS41qV0RicWvVTTeLMicqibeZH5GqO4YhNicyl1Y9jFhylIUBn9ntPYy9jhk5hrfic5cRYw/132, createdBy=5f822500020, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 07:30:07 CST 2022, time=2022-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-19 huangdf
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    2022-09-12 zhaojie88
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