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药品带量采购试点开启:医药代表将迎大洗牌?

2019-02-21 张尼 中新网客户端

伴随“两票制”和带量采购等政策的实施,曾经回报丰厚的医药代表也面临着前所未有的挑战。

伴随“两票制”和带量采购等政策的实施,曾经回报丰厚的医药代表也面临着前所未有的挑战。
上世纪80年代,随着外资药企进入中国,医药代表这个职业逐渐为人们所知。

起初,他们活跃在医疗机构和医生身边,介绍新药知识,收集临床需求。但伴随药品市场竞争日益激烈,医药代表各种“带金”营销手段开始饱受诟病,与此同时,高额的提成也让不少药代赚得盆满钵满。

近年来,伴随“两票制”和带量采购等政策的实施,曾经回报丰厚的职业也面临着前所未有的挑战。变革中,中国数百万药代群体会否彻底退出历史舞台?

医药代表的寒冬要来了?

今年初,国办发文,选择北京、天津、上海等11个城市开展国家组织药品集中采购和使用试点工作,即“4+7”带量采购。

所谓带量采购,就是实现“以量换价”。

依照去年12月公布的试点地区集中招采中选结果,25个药品中选,中选价平均降幅达52%,最高降幅达到96%。中选药品中,通过一致性评价的仿制药占比高达88%。

药企压低价格的同时,也换来了回报。依照《国家组织药品集中采购和使用试点方案》,试点地区要按照所有公立医疗机构年度药品总用量的60%—70%估算采购总量,进行带量采购。

对于这一政策的实施,在北京从事医药代表工作的周昕(化名)心情有些复杂。

药价大幅下降也意味着政策持续深化将挤掉药品进销的“水分”,今后她和同行们面临的销售压力会更大。

大约5年前,因为看到了医药代表的可观收入,在北京某三甲医院做护士的周昕下决心辞掉了“铁饭碗”工作,转行做起了药代。

因为有专业与资源优势,她很快就适应了角色转变。相比于经常值夜班的护士工作,新工作在她看来性价比不错。

不过,近年来,伴随“两票制”、带量采购等一系列政策的实施,周昕和同行们面临的销售工作不那么好做了。

“以往药代可以通过自己的关系与资源将药品推广至医院,带量采购实施后,中标药品得到了市场份额,药代的作用将被削弱,企业就会把这一部分的人力节省出来。”周昕说。

周昕自己主要负责的是社区医院药品销售,由于带量采购试点涉及药品品类有限,冲击尚不明显。但她透露,新政对于外资药企,特别是那些面对国产仿制药竞争的药品,销售压力突出。

最近两年,同行辞职的人很多,当年和周昕一样从公立医院转行做药代的人里,有不少如今已经不再从事这个职业。

根据人力资源管理咨询机构怡安翰威特发布的《2017年医疗健康行业人力资本调研》,医药代表依然是医药企业离职率最高的三大职能之一。

2017年离职率为27.1%,其中主动离职率为17.0%,被动离职率为10.1%,高于行业平均水平。

药企裁员潮已来?

周昕的经历并非个例,近年来,受市场和政策调整影响,无论是国内药企还跨国药企,都面临着转型。

去年,在带量采购试点还未正式开启时,优时比中国区相关负责人就曾对媒体披露,公司整个业务模式做较大调整,已经没有医药代表这一职位。

与此同时,很多跨国药企的“瘦身”趋势也在延续。仅2018年就有诺华、辉瑞、拜耳等多家制药巨头宣布了裁员计划。

有评论分析,新药研发成本越来越高,专利药到期越来越多,跨国药企轻松高增长时代一去不复返,药企们不得不在全球范围内进行组织框架以及业务调整来维持其盈利水平,裁员是调整的一部分。

对比跨国药企,国内药企虽然会享受到一些政策扶持,但转型的压力同样巨大。

“原先药企的销售费用会占有很大一部分,基本超过了40%。带量采购后,由于大幅降价,企业所得利润根本不足以支撑原先高额的销售费用。”国内一家药企相关负责人接受记者采访时称。

该负责人分析说,以往一个好的产品,可以养一二***,现在这种情况没有了,带量采购以价换量,中标企业没有费用再来负担人力成本。

改革中的利益牵绊

“带量采购势必将影响到一部分人的利益。实际操作中不排除有医生不愿换药的可能,因为总会有一些同质的药物可以选择。”北京某三甲医院一位不愿具名的医生接受采访时说。

该医生透露,虽然带量采购承诺了整体市场份额,但在实际操作过程中,如何能保证医院以及医生个体使用这些药品的积极性,是个问题。

记者注意到,一些试点地区已经从政策层面进行引导,调动医务人员的积极性。

例如,辽宁省近期出台了《关于做好国家组织药品集中采购和使用试点工作的实施意见》。

其中提出,公立医疗机构可按照“两个允许”,即允许医疗机构突破现行事业单位工资调控水平,允许医疗服务收入扣除成本并按规定提取各项基金后主要用于人员奖励,统筹用于人员薪酬支出,调动医务人员积极性,推动公立医院综合改革。

另据医药行业杂志《E药经理人》报道,近期一份由上海市医疗保障局、上海市卫生健康委员会以及上海市药品监督管理局联合印发的通知文件也流出,文件直指“4+7”带量采购品种量上保障的问题。

该文件透露的一项关键政策是,国家组织药品集中采购试点品种通用名及使用同品种“价高药”将提高个人自付比例,最高提高比例达到20%。

这意味着,“4+7”带量采购已经在医保政策上发力,以保证首批次带量采购试点品种达到承诺的采购量。

转型之后,路在何方?

政策的落地,无论是企业还是医药代表都处于阵痛期。但在业内专家看来,政策对于未来的产业健康发展无疑是有着积极的影响。

北京大学医药管理国际研究中心主任史录文接受记者采访时表示,此次试点的中标药品种类只有20余个,相对于中国医药产业的庞大体量来说,其影响是有限的。

“但从长远看,推行带量采购无疑有效降低了原来药品流通环节成本。通过监管手段保证供应量的前提下,企业不再需要那么多营销队伍扩大销售量。”

史录文强调,因为有这样的保障,降低了企业的财务成本,直接提高了产品本身的周转效率。企业的回款周期缩短后,可以更好地进行产品的市场开发和定位。

“不得不承认,一些实力较弱的企业会受到较大冲击。但这也是一个优胜劣汰的过程。”史录文说。

而对于庞大的医药代表群体来说,角色转变也在悄然发生。一些企业已经在进行尝试。

例如,取消医药代表的优时比将原来的医药代表转变为医药信息伙伴,这样的转变意味着公司对这些员工的考核,不再以销售业绩作为核心考核目标,而是考核他们如何与医生进行合作,最后给患者带来更好的治疗方案。

在业内看来,未来医药代表职位可能会被替换,角色将进行转型升级,很多的新药和新技术还是需要医药代表来推广。

对于还在行业内坚守的周昕来说,今后的工作也充满了不确定性,但她暂没有离开的打算。

“因为压力一直都在,能做的是顺应变化。”周昕说。

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    2019-08-08 fengyqf
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641695, encodeId=719c164169581, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1bf91e4162' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91741, encryptionId=c1bf91e4162, topicName=试点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a5522833467, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Mon Jan 20 22:50:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1666721, encodeId=51181666e2128, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df6a8e287d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药代#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87287, encryptionId=df6a8e287d7, topicName=药代)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bccf26064950, createdName=fengyqf, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 02:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667828, encodeId=db4b166e82801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d1cc6509692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#洗牌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65096, encryptionId=d1cc6509692, topicName=洗牌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=941a26182856, createdName=guoyibin, createdTime=Mon Jul 29 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1409799, encodeId=4b251409e998e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c1c35262a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35262, encryptionId=2c1c35262a9, topicName=医药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f62754598, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443603, encodeId=01881443603e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eaf6352e26e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35272, encryptionId=eaf6352e26e, topicName=医药代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKUnmV4MWxxicaHm4w2E4EPicofrVHWChQPKibnOtt8t8j7jYGkdKxNvF0KkC2sDXw04QS2GS2UUBSLg/132, createdBy=5cc15086507, createdName=ms9203727104890838, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532828, encodeId=6f97153282899, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88f395665de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#采购#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95665, encryptionId=88f395665de, topicName=采购)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9bb312387914, createdName=wolongzxh, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-29 guoyibin
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641695, encodeId=719c164169581, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1bf91e4162' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91741, encryptionId=c1bf91e4162, topicName=试点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a5522833467, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Mon Jan 20 22:50:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1666721, encodeId=51181666e2128, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df6a8e287d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药代#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87287, encryptionId=df6a8e287d7, topicName=药代)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bccf26064950, createdName=fengyqf, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 02:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667828, encodeId=db4b166e82801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d1cc6509692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#洗牌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65096, encryptionId=d1cc6509692, topicName=洗牌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=941a26182856, createdName=guoyibin, createdTime=Mon Jul 29 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1409799, encodeId=4b251409e998e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c1c35262a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35262, encryptionId=2c1c35262a9, topicName=医药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f62754598, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443603, encodeId=01881443603e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eaf6352e26e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35272, encryptionId=eaf6352e26e, topicName=医药代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKUnmV4MWxxicaHm4w2E4EPicofrVHWChQPKibnOtt8t8j7jYGkdKxNvF0KkC2sDXw04QS2GS2UUBSLg/132, createdBy=5cc15086507, createdName=ms9203727104890838, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532828, encodeId=6f97153282899, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88f395665de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#采购#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95665, encryptionId=88f395665de, topicName=采购)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9bb312387914, createdName=wolongzxh, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-23 cathymary
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641695, encodeId=719c164169581, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1bf91e4162' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91741, encryptionId=c1bf91e4162, topicName=试点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a5522833467, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Mon Jan 20 22:50:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1666721, encodeId=51181666e2128, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df6a8e287d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药代#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87287, encryptionId=df6a8e287d7, topicName=药代)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bccf26064950, createdName=fengyqf, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 02:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667828, encodeId=db4b166e82801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d1cc6509692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#洗牌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65096, encryptionId=d1cc6509692, topicName=洗牌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=941a26182856, createdName=guoyibin, createdTime=Mon Jul 29 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1409799, encodeId=4b251409e998e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c1c35262a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35262, encryptionId=2c1c35262a9, topicName=医药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f62754598, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443603, encodeId=01881443603e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eaf6352e26e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35272, encryptionId=eaf6352e26e, topicName=医药代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKUnmV4MWxxicaHm4w2E4EPicofrVHWChQPKibnOtt8t8j7jYGkdKxNvF0KkC2sDXw04QS2GS2UUBSLg/132, createdBy=5cc15086507, createdName=ms9203727104890838, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532828, encodeId=6f97153282899, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88f395665de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#采购#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95665, encryptionId=88f395665de, topicName=采购)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9bb312387914, createdName=wolongzxh, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641695, encodeId=719c164169581, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c1bf91e4162' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91741, encryptionId=c1bf91e4162, topicName=试点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4a5522833467, createdName=ms1774076774505970, createdTime=Mon Jan 20 22:50:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1666721, encodeId=51181666e2128, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=df6a8e287d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药代#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87287, encryptionId=df6a8e287d7, topicName=药代)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bccf26064950, createdName=fengyqf, createdTime=Thu Aug 08 02:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667828, encodeId=db4b166e82801, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d1cc6509692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#洗牌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65096, encryptionId=d1cc6509692, topicName=洗牌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=941a26182856, createdName=guoyibin, createdTime=Mon Jul 29 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1409799, encodeId=4b251409e998e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c1c35262a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35262, encryptionId=2c1c35262a9, topicName=医药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f62754598, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443603, encodeId=01881443603e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eaf6352e26e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医药代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35272, encryptionId=eaf6352e26e, topicName=医药代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKUnmV4MWxxicaHm4w2E4EPicofrVHWChQPKibnOtt8t8j7jYGkdKxNvF0KkC2sDXw04QS2GS2UUBSLg/132, createdBy=5cc15086507, createdName=ms9203727104890838, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532828, encodeId=6f97153282899, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88f395665de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#采购#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95665, encryptionId=88f395665de, topicName=采购)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9bb312387914, createdName=wolongzxh, createdTime=Sat Feb 23 05:50:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-23 wolongzxh

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