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Cell Reports:高脂肪低碳水的生酮饮食,被证实对癌症有抑制作用

2019-08-18 杜姝 生物探索

提到生酮饮食,你的第一反应是不是:“这不是当下最火热的减肥方法吗?”或许你还会想到:“这不是治疗糖尿病和癫痫的有效疗法吗?”没错,高脂肪低碳水生酮饮食在这三个领域都有卓越的表现。

提到生酮饮食,你的第一反应是不是:“这不是当下最火热的减肥方法吗?”或许你还会想到:“这不是治疗糖尿病癫痫的有效疗法吗?”没错,高脂肪低碳水生酮饮食在这三个领域都有卓越的表现。

但近日,发表在《Cell Reports》杂志上的一项关于生酮饮食的研究结果更让人惊喜!得克萨斯大学达拉斯分校的研究人员发现:生酮饮食,可以预防癌症。

生酮饮食的抗癌作用

生酮饮食(Keto Diet,KD),是一种高脂肪、低碳水和适当蛋白质摄入的饮食方法。依据1924年Otto Warburg所提出的假设:恶性肿瘤主要依赖由葡萄糖氧化分解(也称为糖酵解)而产生ATP作为增殖的动力。并且由于肿瘤细胞线粒体功能障碍,代谢酮体所需的酶水平下调,这就导致癌细胞缺少代谢酮体的能力。

所以,在癌症治疗中提供生酮饮食可以降低血液中葡萄糖水平并诱发酮症,从而使癌细胞缺乏能量,进而抑制肿瘤生长。但正常的细胞却能在此饮食条件下通过调整代谢来使用酮体存活下来。鉴于这种独特的代谢异质性,生酮饮食因此走进了癌症研究者的眼帘。

鳞状细胞癌与生酮饮食

来自德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校的研究学者们也以此作为研究基础,对恶性肿瘤之一的鳞状细胞癌(SCC)做出了相应的研究。



研究人员们挑选出对患有鳞状细胞肺癌和非鳞状细胞肺癌的两组小鼠,给其同时投喂生酮饮食,以限制小鼠体内的葡萄糖水平。研究结果发现,单独投喂生酮饮食的小鼠确实对鳞状细胞癌具有一定的肿瘤生长抑制作用,但这样一种限制葡萄糖水平的饮食方式对非鳞状细胞癌并没有任何影响。

Jung-Whan“Jay”Kim博士面对这一结果表示:操纵宿主葡萄糖水平,不同于直接试图杀死癌细胞,这或许会成为激活人体免疫系统以追踪癌细胞的新范式。

生酮饮食+糖尿病药物

为了进一步验证血糖水平与癌细胞生长的关系,研究团队选择了192名患有鳞状细胞肺癌的患者以及120名肺腺癌患者作为观察对象,对其随机部分采集血液样品,并将以标准糖尿病标准(120mg/dL的血糖浓度)将血液样品进行分类。

研究人员发现:较高的血糖浓度与鳞状细胞癌患者的生存率存在直接强烈的相关性,而肺腺癌患者的生存率与此无相关性。



鳞状细胞癌(绿色)和腺癌(红色)。在喂食酮饮食的小鼠(左)中,
鳞状细胞肺癌的生长受到抑制,而腺癌(右)则不受饮食的影响。

于是,研究人员再次对鳞状细胞癌和非鳞状细胞癌的小鼠进行试验,对其投喂“生酮饮食+糖尿病药物”的组合治疗方法。研究结果证明,此组合疗法十分有效!

结语

Kim博士面对当前的研究结果表示十分兴奋,他认为:“这是一个重要的观察结果,进一步暗示了葡萄糖限制在减少鳞状细胞癌生长方面的潜在功效。也许我们可以稍微操纵一下我们自己的生物系统,或激活我们现有的东西,以便更有效地对抗癌症。”

但值得注意的是,目前这种方法的有效性仅仅局限于鳞状细胞癌这一类型,无法推广到所有类型的癌症。Kim博士强调未来需要更全面和详细的临床研究,来验证这一新型癌症疗法。

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    2020-06-07 维他命
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    2020-01-07 浮生若梦,为欢几何?

    人如其食

    0

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    2019-08-20 pcw111

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