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重磅!2018 ADA糖尿病诊疗标准发布!(全文下载)

2017-12-11 MedSci MedSci原创

小编今日查看《Diabetes Care》期刊,惊喜地发现2018版ADA糖尿病诊疗标准(Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2018)发布啦! 需要指南全文的小伙伴,可以查看《Diabetes Care》的官网: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/Supplement_1 接下来我们一起看

小编今日查看《Diabetes Care》期刊,惊喜地发现2018版ADA糖尿病诊疗标准(Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2018)发布啦!

需要指南全文的小伙伴,可以查看《Diabetes Care》的官网:

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/Supplement_1

也可以在梅斯指南版块直接下载

//m.capotfarm.com/guideline/show_article.do?id=8b2a71c00153024c

接下来我们一起看看有哪些更新点~

Section 1

2017版指南中,Section 1的名称为《Promoting Health and Reducing Disparities in Populations》,在2018版指南中,为了更好突出其主题,名称发生了改变,变成了《Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations》。

该部分加入了一个新推荐:使用可靠的数据指标以评估和改善糖尿病诊疗的质量和降低成本。

增加了远程医疗在糖尿病诊疗中的应用的内容。

Section 2. 糖尿病的分类和诊断

最近有证据显示,由于血红蛋白变异体、检测干扰和红细胞相关疾病等问题,A1C测量存在潜在的局限性,在这部分新增加了推荐,用以阐明在这些特殊情况下,如何合理使用A1C检测。

  • A1C和血糖水平的结果明显不一致时,应怀疑血红蛋白变异体(血红蛋白病)干扰A1C检测的可能,应该考虑使用不会受到干扰的检测方法,或者通过血糖标准来诊断糖尿病。

  • 在红细胞更新加快的情况下,例如镰状细胞病,孕期,血液透析,近期失血或输血,或者促红细胞生成素治疗,应该只使用血糖标准来诊断糖尿病。

检测儿童和青少年糖尿病前期和2型糖尿病的推荐发生了改变:建议对超重或肥胖、以及有其他糖尿病危险因素的青少年进行检测。

针对移植后糖尿病的降糖治疗,增加了目前研究的证据。

Section 3. 综合医学评估和合并症评估

描述综合医学评估的组成部分的表格(详见原文表3.1),被重新进行了设计和组织,纳入了初诊和随访就诊时这些组成部分的进行频率。

在患者为中心的沟通中,关于语言选择的重要性增加了文字描述。

在合并症部分,增加了胰腺炎,包括一项新推荐:患有内科难治性慢性胰腺炎的患者,需要进行全胰切除术,应考虑自体胰岛移植以预防术后糖尿病。

增加了一项推荐:有性腺功能减退症状和体征的糖尿病男性患者,考虑检查血清睾酮水平。

Section 4. 生活方式管理

对“营养”部分增加了更多解释,用以阐明ADA的推荐,即不存在普适性的最理想的宏量营养素分布,饮食计划应该个体化。

低碳水化合物饮食在糖尿病患者中的作用,增加了文字描述。

Section 5. 预防或延缓2型糖尿病

使用二甲双胍预防糖尿病的推荐被重新编写,以更好地反应来自“糖尿病预防计划”的数据。

  • 在2017指南中,推荐是这样的:对于糖尿病前期患者,特别是那些BMI≥35kg/m2,年龄<60岁,有GDM史的女性,和/或尽管进行了生活方式干预但A1C仍然升高的患者,应该考虑使用二甲双胍治疗来预防2型糖尿病。

  • 在2018指南中,去掉了“和/或尽管进行了生活方式干预但A1C仍然升高的患者”这句话。

Section 6. 血糖目标

基于新的数据,在1型糖尿病患者中进行动态血糖监测(CGM)的推荐不再局限于≥25岁,而是扩大到了血糖未达标的所有成人(≥18岁)。

这个章节增加了A1C在特定人群中局限性的扩大性讨论。

为了明确低血糖的分类,低血糖(level 1)被重新命名为“低血糖预警值(hypoglycemia alert value)≤70mg/dL”,之前的版本为“血糖预警值(glucose alert value) ≤70mg/dL”。

Section 8. 控制血糖的药物治疗

为了体现最近的CVOT试验的数据,2型糖尿病患者的降糖治疗新增加了推荐:动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患者应该以生活方式管理和二甲双胍起始治疗,在考虑药物特异性和患者因素后,加入一种被证明可降低主要心血管事件和/或心血管死亡率的药物。

降糖治疗的流程(原文的图8.1)进行了更新,纳入了上述最新的ASCVD推荐。

新增加了一个表格(原文的表8.1),总结了降糖药物的特异性和患者因素。图8.1和表8.1意在共同指导降糖药物的选择。

修改了表8.2,重点讨论美国降糖药物的药理学和作用机制。

Section 9. 心血管疾病和风险管理

新增加了一项推荐:所有患糖尿病的高血压患者应该在家测量血压,以帮助识别隐匿性高血压或白大衣高血压,同时还可改善用药行为。

新增加了一个图 (原文的图9.1),针对糖尿病和高血压患者的降压治疗推荐。

新增加了一个表 (原文的表9.1),总结了强化 vs 标准降压治疗策略的研究。

对于顽固性高血压患者,增加了一个推荐:考虑盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂治疗

Section 10. 微血管并发症和糖尿病足


纳入了急性肾损伤的新内容。


讨论了特定降糖药物对于肾脏疾病延缓和进展的影响,参考了将肾脏效应作为次要结局的CVOT试验的数据。


增加了一项新推荐:玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子,不劣于传统标准治疗即全视网膜激光光凝治疗,因此也可用于增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者,以降低视力丧失的风险。


增加了一个新内容:描述了高压氧治疗糖尿病足溃疡的各种证据。


Section 11. 老年人


新增加了三项推荐:强调了老年人个体化药物治疗的重要性,以降低低血糖风险,避免过度治疗,尽可能简化复杂的治疗方案。


Section 12. 儿童和青少年


为了让这部分更加全面,并能反映最近出现的糖尿病新技术,对于儿童和青少年1型糖尿病的治疗新增加了推荐,包括强化胰岛素治疗方案,血糖自我监测,CGM和自动胰岛素输送系统。


关于估计肾小球滤过率的推荐被删除,因为其在青少年中的估计方法不太准确。


Section 13. 妊娠期糖尿病


新增加了一项推荐,强调胰岛素是妊娠期1型和2型糖尿病的首选。


基于新证据增加了一项推荐:1型和2型糖尿病女性,在早期妊娠结束时开始服用低剂量阿司匹林,以降低先兆子痫的风险。

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    2017-12-13 般若傻瓜
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    2017-12-13 xxxx1054
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    2017-12-12 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2017-12-11 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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