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AHA2019:RECOVERY研究:无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,早期手术改善生存达8年

2019-11-18 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

目前,有关无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者手术干预的最佳时机仍存争议,AHA 2019最新临床研究专场,Duk-Hyun Kang公布的RECOVERY研究显示,无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者早期手术治疗与观察组相比,可改善生存期达8年。

目前,有关无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者手术干预的最佳时机仍存争议,AHA 2019最新临床研究专场,Duk-Hyun Kang公布的RECOVERY研究显示,无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者早期手术治疗与观察组相比,可改善生存期达8年。

RECOVERY研究的目的是评估无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的手术治疗与观察治疗的安全性和获益。
 
研究者将符合入选标准的无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者以1:1开放标签的方式随机分配至早期手术主动脉瓣置换(AVR)组(n=4089)或观察组(n=4090)。随访6.2年。主要研究终点为手术死亡,心血管死亡;次要终点为全因死亡,再次主动脉瓣手术,临床血栓事件和心力衰竭住院。
 
纳入标准:年龄20~80岁;重度主动脉瓣狭窄(主动脉瓣面积AVA 0.75 cm2,峰值速度≥4.5 m/s,或平均梯度≥50 mm Hg);无症状。排除标准:运动性呼吸困难、晕厥、晕厥前兆或心绞痛;左心室射血分数(LVEF)<50%;具有临床意义的主动脉返流或二尖瓣病变;既往心脏手术;心脏负荷测试阳性;癌症等。
 
其他特征/特性:体重指数(BMI)24.5 kg/m2;冠状动脉疾病4%~5%;EuroSCORE II平均值0.9%;主动脉瓣狭窄的病因60%为双尖瓣,33%为退行性变,6%为风湿性疾病;峰值速度5.1 m /s,平均梯度64 mm Hg,AVA 0.64  cm2;平均LVEF为65%。


 
主要终点结果,随访4年,手术死亡率或心血管死亡率,早期手术组低于观察组(1.4% vs. 5.7%,P<0.05);8年时,早期手术组更低(1.4% vs. 25.5%,P=0.003)。次要终点结果,与观察组相比,早期手术组的8年全因死亡率(31.8% vs. 10.2%,P<0.05)和心力衰竭住院率(11% vs. 0%,P<0.05)均较低;观察组中的任何次要终点或AVR,4年时为62%,8年时为92%。
 
该研究结果表明,在无症状重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AVA 0.75  cm2,平均梯度≥50 mm Hg,峰值速度≥4.5 m/s)的患者中进行早期手术治疗与观察组相比,可提高至8年的生存率。目前,无症状主动脉瓣狭窄手术在美国心脏协会/美国心脏病学学会瓣膜性心脏病指南中为IIb类适应证。另有观察数据表明,峰值速度> 5 m/s的患者受益更多,尤其是低手术风险的患者。
 
值得注意的是,研究中患者的手术风险较低,即手术死亡率为零,这可能与经验丰富的术者/医疗机构有关。此外,有趣的是,尽管主动脉瓣重度狭窄,但观察组患者仍可改善生存长达8年(仅2例交叉至手术组)。有研究表明,该“潜伏期”(即出现重度主动脉狭窄且无症状)约为1~2年,此研究队列中的二尖瓣主动脉瓣狭窄患者比例较高,这可能是部分原因。另外,运动测试只是有选择地进行,因此,有一部分患者会出现“隐匿”的症状性主动脉瓣狭窄,而负荷测试可掩盖该症状。

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    2020-03-08 yahu
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    2019-11-20 zhaohui6731
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