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Environ Health Perspect:强有力证据表明阻燃剂污染会造成儿童低智商

2017-08-08 文姜 生物探索

多溴联苯醚(Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers,PBDEs) 是一类在环境中广泛存在的持久性有机污染物,由于其能够阻燃的特性,在历史上曾大量生产和广泛使用,比如家具床垫等泡沫材料,还有家庭装修材料和电视机后壳等。在塑料、家纺、电线外皮和电子产品等工业和日常用品中也广泛添加过。由于其具有环境持久性、远距离迁移性、生物累积性及对生物和人体的毒害效应等特性,对其环境问题的研究已

多溴联苯醚(Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers,PBDEs) 是一类在环境中广泛存在的持久性有机污染物,由于其能够阻燃的特性,在历史上曾大量生产和广泛使用,比如家具床垫等泡沫材料,还有家庭装修材料和电视机后壳等。在塑料、家纺、电线外皮和电子产品等工业和日常用品中也广泛添加过。由于其具有环境持久性、远距离迁移性、生物累积性及对生物和人体的毒害效应等特性,对其环境问题的研究已成为当前环境科学的一大热点。目前加州大学旧金山分校的一项最新研究表明,PBDEs会损害儿童的智力,导致智商下降。

该研究于2017年8月3日发表在Environmental Health Perspectives上,其中包含了至今对阻燃剂最大的荟萃分析,并提出强有力的证据表明多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)对儿童智力的影响。

该研究结果是在阻燃剂的争论不断升级时出现的。7月25日,旧金山监事会的委员会立法禁止含PBDEs和其它所有阻燃剂的家具和儿童产品在旧金山的市、县销售。

文章的作者之一,加州大学旧金山分校的Tracey Woodruff说:“尽管有一系列的禁令出台,几乎每个人都暴露于PBDEs阻燃剂,儿童的危险最大。我们的发现对那些正在努力削弱或消除环境卫生危害的决策者来说,是一个强有力的警醒。”

结果不仅仅表现出很强的相关性:用严谨的流行病学标准,作者考虑到的因素如证据的强度和一致性方面,有“足够的证据”支持PBDEs暴露和智力之间的联系。此外,美国国家科学院最近的一份报告支持了这项研究和动物研究中得来的综合证据,得出了类似的结论:PBDE是人类智力的“潜在危害”。

1产前PDBE暴露损害孩子智力

研究者分析了来自世界各地的数据,涉及近3000对母子。他们发现,当母亲的PBDE水平每增加10倍就会导致她孩子的IQ下降3.7个点。

文章的第一兼通讯作者Juleen Lam说“智商下降3.7个点听起来不多,但对人群水平而言,这意味着更多的孩子需要早期干预,其家庭可能会在他们的余生面对个人和经济负担。”

Woodruff说:“许多人暴露于高浓度的PBDEs下。孕妇暴露的PBDEs浓度越多,孩子的智商越低。而当PBDEs与其他有毒化学物质(如建筑产品或杀虫剂)相结合时,结果就是我们目前的环境法规根本就没能统计的一种严重的混合化学污染物。”

研究人员还发现一些证据表明PDBEs暴露与注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)之间的联系,但得出的结论是:为了更好的表征关系,更多的研究是必要的。

2尽管被淘汰,阻燃剂仍然普遍存在

PBDEs是在1975美国加州通过了家具和某些其他产品的防火安全标准后,开始广泛使用。由于加利福尼亚市场的规模,阻燃剂很快成为全国销售的家具的标准疗法。这些添加剂受到烟草公司的鼓舞:由于许多家具火灾都是由香烟燃烧引起的,这些公司大力游说更严格的家具安全条例。

PDBEs的危险导致2003从美国加州开始,其它国家和国际机构相继出台PDBEs禁令。联合国环境规划署在2009年正式将四溴联苯醚、五溴联苯醚、六溴联苯醚和七溴联苯醚列入旨在减少有毒有害化学品使用的《斯德哥尔摩公约》,全面彻底停产停用。

多溴二苯醚和类似的阻燃剂之所以令人关注,是因为它们与它们所保护的泡沫材料没有化学键结合。它们只是混合在一起,所以很容易从材料中渗出,进入室内灰尘、食物,最终成为我们身体的一部分。禁止、限制虽然暂缓了环境问题的恶化,但是人们还是处于暴露之下。灰尘、旧家具和电子设备仍然是PDBEs的源头。

根据国家环境分析测试中心和高校发表的PDBEs在中国污染现状的研究调查报告显示:与北美和欧洲地区相比,PDBEs污染在我国尚处于一个相对较低的水平,但是在电子垃圾拆解地和PDBEs生产厂区的环境和人体内的污染较为严重。所以PDBEs污染在我国也是一个值得关注的问题。

原始出处:
Juleen Lam,Bruce P. Lanphear, David Bellinger,et al.Developmental PBDE Exposure and IQ/ADHD in Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/EHP1632

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    2017-09-27 feather89
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    2017-09-07 anminleiryan
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    2018-02-19 shizhenshan
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726633, encodeId=6dd61e2663374, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Sep 27 03:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1878219, encodeId=4bf518e8219a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c157696175' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ERS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6961, encryptionId=c157696175, topicName=ERS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Thu Sep 07 02:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861137, encodeId=ec4a186113e4d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:42:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1322992, encodeId=a9a4132299239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472561, encodeId=7e8f14e25613b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba4a6436107' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#污染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64361, encryptionId=ba4a6436107, topicName=污染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dfe67217539, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1524242, encodeId=891015242420b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=053710045ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#iron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10045, encryptionId=053710045ad, topicName=iron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f1b11597510, createdName=july_979, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621648, encodeId=62611621648b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-10 晓辰
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726633, encodeId=6dd61e2663374, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Sep 27 03:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1878219, encodeId=4bf518e8219a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c157696175' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ERS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6961, encryptionId=c157696175, topicName=ERS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Thu Sep 07 02:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861137, encodeId=ec4a186113e4d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:42:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1322992, encodeId=a9a4132299239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472561, encodeId=7e8f14e25613b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba4a6436107' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#污染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64361, encryptionId=ba4a6436107, topicName=污染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dfe67217539, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1524242, encodeId=891015242420b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=053710045ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#iron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10045, encryptionId=053710045ad, topicName=iron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f1b11597510, createdName=july_979, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621648, encodeId=62611621648b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726633, encodeId=6dd61e2663374, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Sep 27 03:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1878219, encodeId=4bf518e8219a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c157696175' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ERS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6961, encryptionId=c157696175, topicName=ERS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Thu Sep 07 02:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861137, encodeId=ec4a186113e4d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:42:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1322992, encodeId=a9a4132299239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472561, encodeId=7e8f14e25613b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba4a6436107' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#污染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64361, encryptionId=ba4a6436107, topicName=污染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dfe67217539, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1524242, encodeId=891015242420b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=053710045ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#iron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10045, encryptionId=053710045ad, topicName=iron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f1b11597510, createdName=july_979, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621648, encodeId=62611621648b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-10 july_979
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726633, encodeId=6dd61e2663374, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed Sep 27 03:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1878219, encodeId=4bf518e8219a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c157696175' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ERS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6961, encryptionId=c157696175, topicName=ERS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Thu Sep 07 02:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861137, encodeId=ec4a186113e4d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 01:42:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1322992, encodeId=a9a4132299239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a38660034ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智商#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60034, encryptionId=a38660034ac, topicName=智商)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a5712500001, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472561, encodeId=7e8f14e25613b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba4a6436107' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#污染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64361, encryptionId=ba4a6436107, topicName=污染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dfe67217539, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1524242, encodeId=891015242420b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=053710045ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#iron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10045, encryptionId=053710045ad, topicName=iron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f1b11597510, createdName=july_979, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621648, encodeId=62611621648b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 00:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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