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专家点评:肾功能越差,CKD患者降胆固醇治疗的获益越小

2016-09-07 佚名 心在线

已经有相当多的研究资料表明,他汀药物治疗降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,可有效减低轻中度慢性肾病(CKD)患者发生冠心病和卒中事件的风险。不过,他汀对更严重的肾病患者,特别是已经接受透析治疗的患者效果如何,尚未有定论。针对以上问题,胆固醇治疗研究者(CTT)协作组对28项随机对照临床试验中每例受试患者的数据进行了汇总分析,得出结论,随着估测的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)降低,CKD患者从他汀

已经有相当多的研究资料表明,他汀药物治疗降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,可有效减低轻中度慢性肾病(CKD)患者发生冠心病和卒中事件的风险。不过,他汀对更严重的肾病患者,特别是已经接受透析治疗的患者效果如何,尚未有定论。


针对以上问题,胆固醇治疗研究者(CTT)协作组对28项随机对照临床试验中每例受试患者的数据进行了汇总分析,得出结论,随着估测的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)降低,CKD患者从他汀降胆固醇治疗中的所得获益变小,透析患者获益几近消失。以上结果发表于Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology杂志。


CTT协作组分析了28项他汀治疗随机试验的数据,入选超过18万例患者,根据基线eGFR将患者分组,考察他汀治疗后LDL-C平均降低1.0 mmol/L对主要血管事件(非致死性心肌梗死、冠心病死亡、卒中或冠脉血运重建),以及不同原因死亡率的影响。


结果显示,总体上,他汀治疗后LDL-C每降低1 mmol/L,首次主要血管事件的风险下降21%(RR=0.79,P<0.0001)。随着基线eGFR下降,他汀治疗降低主要血管事件风险的获益逐渐变小(P=0.008)。对于eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73m2的CKD患者,主要血管事件风险降低22%;对于eGFR在45~60 ml/min/1.73m2的人群,主要血管事件风险降低24%;对于eGFR在30~45 ml/min/1.73m2的人群,以及eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2但无透析的人群,主要血管事件风险降低15%;而对于透析人群,该风险仅下降6%。


根据不同基线eGFR分组,该汇总分析在考察他汀治疗对非致死性心肌梗死(P=0.01)、冠心病死亡(P=0.03)的影响时,也观察到相似的结果。不过,不同基线肾功能状态对他汀治疗与冠脉血运重建的关系无明显影响(P=0.90)。另外,不管基线eGFR如何,他汀治疗降低LDL-C对非血管性死亡也无影响。


专家建议:CKD患者及早启动他汀治疗

复旦大学附属华山医院李勇教授对该项CTT分析结果进行了点评,他指出,在过去的汇总分析中,他汀治疗对CKD透析患者的作用不一致,其原因可能与不同研究降低LDL-C的幅度及对冠心病死亡的定义存在差异有关。最新发表于Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology的这项汇总分析,收集了CTT数据库28项随机对照临床试验中183419例受试患者的完整数据,包括基线肾功能、LDL-C测定值,以及不同类型的主要血管事件。

在这项分析中,即使CKD晚期(尤其是透析)患者所能达到的LDL-C降幅较小,即使将不同随机临床试验中预后终点的定义调整一致,结果依然显示,他汀药物为基础的降LDL-C治疗对心血管临床预后的改善,仍与基线肾功能状态(eGFR水平)有关。随着eGFR下降,同样幅度降低LDL-C的心血管获益呈缩小的趋势;对已经进入透析治疗的CKD患者,他汀为基础的降胆固醇治疗的心血管获益几近消失。

李勇教授建议,在临床实践中,要改善CKD人群的心血管预后,应选择合适的他汀药物为基础的治疗方案,使LDL-C最大程度地下降。同时,为了获得最大益处,应及早启动他汀为基础的降胆固醇药物治疗。

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    2016-10-02 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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    2017-04-13 yese
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    2016-09-08 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

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    2016-09-08 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

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    2016-09-08 doctorJiangchao

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