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孤立性肌纤维瘤一例

2018-01-19 佚名 中华妇产科杂志

患儿女,10岁

【一般资料】

患儿女,10岁

【主诉】

因左手无名指结节6月余来诊。

【现病史】

患儿6个月前无明显诱因左手无名指出现一米粒大小的暗红色结节,无自觉症状,逐渐增大。

【既往史】

患儿既往体健。

【家族史】

家族中无类似疾病患者。

【体格检查】

一般情况好,各系统检查未见异常。皮肤科检查:左手无名指可见一0.5amx0.5am暗红色结节,表皮光滑,无破溃,界限清楚,质硬,无触痛(图1)。皮损组织病理:表皮大致正常,肿瘤位于真皮中下部,边界清楚,无包膜。肿瘤由两类细胞构成,一类为深染嗜酸性肌成纤维细胞,具有细长或泡状核;另一类是小圆细胞和梭形细胞,胞质少,核圆形或卵圆形;病变中央见多数不规则的管腔结构,未见明显细胞异形性和核分裂象(图2)。

【辅助检查】

免疫组化结果:波形蛋白+++,结蛋白灶状阳性,平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)+++,CD34、S100、上皮膜抗原(EMA)、细胞角蛋白(CK)均阴性。

【初步诊断

立性肌纤维瘤。

【治疗】

外科手术切除皮损。

【讨论】

婴幼儿肌纤维瘤病是一种罕见的良性间叶组织肿瘤,多见于新生儿或2岁以内的婴幼儿(65%),散见于年龄较大的儿童和成人。2013年WHO软组织肿瘤分类将其归于血管周细胞肿瘤,生物学行为定性为中间性(局部侵袭性)(ICD一1)-1。现认为,血管平滑肌瘤、肌纤维瘤/肌纤维瘤病、血管球瘤、肌周皮细胞瘤及婴幼儿血管外皮瘤属于同一病谱。本病一般分为三型:1型(孤立性)最常见,约占所有病例的50%,表现为累及皮肤及皮下组织的单一结节;2型(多中心性)表现为多部位皮肤、皮下组织、肌但不伴内脏累及;3型(全身泛发性)除皮损外,尚合并心脏、胃肠、肺等内脏病变。该例患儿年龄相对较大,皮损单发,无明显系统累及,考虑属于孤立性肌纤维瘤。本病组织学表现:病变大多位于真皮及皮下,肿瘤边界清楚,无包膜。典型病变呈双相结构,可见特征性两群细胞,病灶周边为短束状或结节状排列的深染嗜酸性肌成纤维细胞,其形态介于成纤维细胞及平滑肌细胞之间,具有细长或泡状核;中央由小的低分化圆形、短梭形或多角形细胞构成,胞质少,核圆形或卵圆形,常分布于鹿角状血管周围,呈血管外皮瘤样生长,或呈实性片状分布。免疫组化:两种肿瘤细胞均表达波形蛋白和SMA,一般不表达S100、EMA、CK,而结蛋白、CD34在极少数病例中可为阳性。部分肿瘤两种细胞成分所占比例不等,当以一种成分为主时,诊断较困难。临床上需与皮肤肌纤维瘤、皮肤/血管平滑肌瘤、腱鞘纤维瘤、血管周皮细胞瘤等鉴别。

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    2018-12-23 okhuali
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    2018-01-21 jxrzshh
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