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局部联合靶向,仑伐替尼为肝癌综合治疗添利器

2019-04-21 不详 肿瘤资讯

与其他恶性肿瘤一样,肝癌是一类以局部表现为主的全身性疾病。手术治疗、介入治疗、放射治疗、消融治疗等局部治疗已无法解决肝癌全身转移扩散的问题,肝癌治疗还应联合系统治疗,尤其是靶向治疗。近期,新一代靶向药物仑伐替尼获批上市,为肝癌治疗增添了新的用药选择。中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院的陈亚进教授与我们分享肝癌微创治疗及靶向治疗的最新进展与临床经验。

与其他恶性肿瘤一样,肝癌是一类以局部表现为主的全身性疾病。手术治疗、介入治疗、放射治疗、消融治疗等局部治疗已无法解决肝癌全身转移扩散的问题,肝癌治疗还应联合系统治疗,尤其是靶向治疗。近期,新一代靶向药物仑伐替尼获批上市,为肝癌治疗增添了新的用药选择。中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院的陈亚进教授与我们分享肝癌微创治疗及靶向治疗的最新进展与临床经验。

陈亚进医学博士、教授、主任医师、博士生导师,中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院南院区管委会主任、肝胆外科主任, 广东省医师协会肝胆外科医师分会主任委员,中华医学会外科分会胆道学组委员,中国医师协会胆道专业委员会常委,中国研究型医院协会消化肿瘤分会副主委,中国研究型医院协会加速康复外科分会副主委,中国研究型医院协会肝胆胰分会常委,中国腹腔镜肝脏外科学院副院长,国际肝胆胰协会亚太腹腔镜肝切除推广专家委员会委员兼中国分会副主任委员,广东省医院协会肿瘤分会副主委兼胆道肿瘤专业委员会主任委员,广东省医学会肝胆胰外科分会副主任委员兼胆道学组组长,广东省医学会肝癌多学科分会副主任委员,《外科年鉴(中文版)》《中华消化外科杂志》《中华肝胆外科杂志》编委;《中华外科杂志》通信编委;《中国实用外科杂志》特邀编委

肝癌外科技术的发展趋势

经过数十年的临床实践,目前传统的开放手术仍是中国乃至全世界肝癌外科治疗的基础。但近年来,随着微创技术的发展,肝脏外科领域中的微创外科技术,特别是腹腔镜肝切除技术,也同步得到了飞速发展。经过近20年的不断探索,腹腔镜肝切除的安全性、有效性和微创性已得到了临床的广泛证实,特别是在一些手术病例数量非常多的大型肝胆医疗中心。目前,我国腹腔镜肝脏外科技术已走到了全世界前列,并不断朝着标准化、流程化的方向发展。腹腔镜手术创伤较小,能为患者带来快速的康复,但对于恶性肿瘤的长期治疗效果仍在数据积累的过程中,后续将开展进一步的评估,未来腹腔镜手术在肝癌治疗领域必定会扮演越来越重要的角色。

微创手术相比于传统手术的优势

无论是微创手术还是传统的开放手术,都未改变肝癌外科手术治疗的根本原则,两者都属于局部治疗手段,即对肿瘤进行根治性切除或姑息性切除。虽然微创手术的创伤小、恢复快,但仍未从本质上改变外科治疗的基本格局。然而,微创手术在围手术期的快速康复方面还是能为患者带来很大的好处。

微创手术是否能降低复发概率?有人认为微创手术会影响免疫系统,从而影响肝癌的预后或增加复发。也有人认为,由于微创手术对机体内环境影响较小,尤其是微创手术更加讲究“No Touch”原则,即不接触肿瘤的原位切除,能最大限度地减少医源性肿瘤的扩散,降低术后复发的概率。但目前的临床证据表明,微创手术(腔镜肝癌切除)的术后复发率、5年生存率及无病生存率均与开放手术类似,不劣于传统的开放手术。

综合治疗预防肝癌复发转移

陈亚进教授:预防复发是肝癌综合治疗中需要考虑的重要因素。肝癌复发的影响因素非常多,最根本的因素是肿瘤的生物学行为,另外是综合治疗方案的选择。我们无法改变肿瘤生物学特性,但在多学科治疗的时代可以通过多学科方案的优化组合以降低复发率,其中包括很多方面的工作,例如术前的评估方面,对肿瘤较大、有脉管癌栓、多结节病灶、肿瘤破裂或边界不清楚或侵犯血管的高危复发患者,在手术治疗方案的设计上需根据患者的具体情况进行续贯优化组合,有时可能需要先进行降期治疗或非手术治疗,有时需要把手术放在首位。在术中要严格执行肿瘤手术操作的“No Touch”原则,保持无瘤操作状态。术后也有各种预防措施,包括术后的全身药物治疗或局部治疗以预防术后复发。因此预防肝癌术后复发的八字方针为“早期、积极、综合、特异”,越早应用复发率越低,同时不要放弃中晚期患者并积极治疗、多学科综合治疗,特别是考虑针对肿瘤的特异性治疗(如靶向治疗、免疫治疗)。

晚期肝癌应遵循局部联合系统治疗的策略

陈亚进教授:作为外科医生,过去我们更加推崇手术,希望“刀到病除”。但其实与其他恶性肿瘤一样,肝癌是一类以局部表现为主的全身性疾病。对于全身性疾病,特别是中晚期患者,手术治疗、介入治疗、放射治疗、消融治疗等仍是局部治疗的范畴,无法解决肝癌全身转移扩散的问题。除了局部治疗,肝癌的治疗还应联合系统治疗(靶向治疗、化疗和免疫治疗等),目前系统治疗已逐渐从晚期治疗慢慢过渡到辅助治疗的地位。2008年,索拉非尼的上市给中晚期肝癌患者带来了希望,但其总生存获益相对有限。经过大家的不断努力与突破,我们在10年后欣喜地看到仑伐替尼同样作为肝癌的一线药物获批。REFLECT研究结果显示,仑伐替尼在亚太人群,特别是中国人群中显示出更好的优效性。众所周知,全世界每年新发的40万例肝癌中有将近20万例发生在中国,因此中国绝对是仑伐替尼靶向治疗中最大的受益者。由于其多靶点的抑制效应,仑伐替尼对肝细胞肝癌、胆管细胞癌均有抑制作用,而且初步研究结果表明仑伐替尼如果再联合免疫治疗,疗效会更好。

在临床工作中,有一例仑伐替尼联合PD-1单抗治疗肝癌的病例令我印象深刻。该患者右肝多发性肿瘤,合并门静脉主干以及下腔静脉癌栓,癌栓已累及右心房,门静脉的癌栓已累及肠系膜上静脉,伴有低蛋白血症和腹水,情况非常差。如不进行治疗,预期生存只有3~6个月。应用仑伐替尼联合PD-1单抗治疗迄今1年,其中由于经济原因PD-1单抗只用了3针就停药,后续仑伐替尼单药治疗。治疗半年后,心脏癌栓和门静脉主干癌栓已消失。最近一次CT复查发现其门静脉已经完全疏通,下栓静脉癌栓也已完全消失。更可喜的是,右肝的多发肿瘤已完全坏死。综合影像学、血液学和免疫学指标,该患者已达到完全缓解。因此,未来肝癌的综合治疗需要多途径、多疗法的联合,并在接力式的肝癌治疗中做好全程管理

随着仑伐替尼应用的病例数量不断增加,我们发现有一部分患者疗效很好,未来需要通过更多病例分析来筛选患者的临床特征和生物学特征,更好地指导临床用药在患者筛选方面做进一步探索。也希望国家通过医保谈判机制,尽快将该药纳入医保,使更多患者有良药可医。

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    2019-04-23 chg122
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    2019-04-21 留走人康

    肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1807712, encodeId=1fc2180e71238, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=865480e3299' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#联合靶向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80732, encryptionId=865480e3299, topicName=联合靶向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84fb152, createdName=xiongliangxl, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 16:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1646872, encodeId=9dd516468e2d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91cfe913977' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#综合治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79139, encryptionId=91cfe913977, topicName=综合治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=690523366225, createdName=zhaohui6739, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 05:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405903, encodeId=73c2140590360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a5404e589d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#局部#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47589, encryptionId=a5404e589d7, topicName=局部)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d14c2562456, createdName=chg122, createdTime=Tue Apr 23 00:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1040181, encodeId=431e10401818f, content=肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=留走人康, createdTime=Sun Apr 21 12:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=365022, encodeId=e44236502222, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sun Apr 21 09:49:24 CST 2019, time=2019-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-21 smartxiuxiu

    0

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