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全球!测定HIV药物耐受性突变的NGS技术获批CE-IVD

2017-08-25 佚名 生物探索

目前市场上几乎没有专门针对HIV药物耐受性突变的遗传性测序技术,新加坡公司推出的全球首个测定HIV药物耐受性突变的NGS技术在帮助临床医生优化HIV治疗体系上扮演着重要的作用,同时其还可以帮助科学家们主动出击,最大化地减少全球抗逆转录病毒药物耐受性流行的发展。近日,这项技术在欧盟获批了临床(CE-IVD)。



治疗HIV,选择最佳的“HAART”至关重要

众所周知,作为终止艾滋病公共卫生威胁计划的一部分,治疗HIV感染的抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)的使用在过去十年里急剧增长,据联合国艾滋病规划署发布的报告,截至2016年6月,全球约1820万艾滋病病毒感染者接受了抗逆转录病毒药物治疗,较2010年约翻了一番。

据世界卫生组织(WHO)数据显示:随着HAART的广泛开展,HIV药物耐受性的并发性增长会通过抵消抗逆转录病毒药物抑制HIV及AIDS进展的作用,从而就会破坏掉科学家们多年来的努力,HIV耐药性变异的出现及耐药株的传播导致HAART失败的问题,近年来受到越来越多的关注。

而检测和报告HIV对抗反转录病毒药物的耐药性,可以防止或尽量减少出现耐药性,对于选择最佳HAART方案至关重要。因此检测患者对HIV药物的耐受性是确保患者可以接受有效治疗的关键,同时对于有效管理抗逆转录病毒药物的耐受性也是非常重要的。

测定HIV药物耐受性突变的NGS技术问世

世界卫生组织(WHO)在2016年7月发布的“艾滋病毒耐药性预警全球报告”中指出,“自2011以来,全球关于艾滋病毒耐药性的监测和预警报告数量呈减少趋势。2015年只有屈指可数的国家实施了监控,很多国家可能已在不知不觉中,暴露在HIV耐药性的高风险中,而这种风险是可控的。” 然而,过去市场上几乎没有专门针对HIV药物耐受性突变的遗传性测序技术,唯一的商业化测序技术还要追溯到21世纪早些时候,这种测序技术基于桑格测序法,而桑格测序法是一种昂贵,且需要1-2周才能够出结果的测序方法,其检测HIV药物耐受性突变的敏感性较低,仅为15%至20%。

来自新加坡的Vela Diagnostics公司的研究者填补了这片空白,开发出了首个测定HIV药物耐受性突变的NGS技术——Sentosa SQ HIV-1的基因分型技术,可实现自动化的RNA提取、文库构建、模板制备、测序、数据分析并生成病理报告和质量控制报告,也可以追溯样品,并且与实验室信息系统无缝集成和连接。它在8月21日收到了欧盟的体外诊断设备许可(CE-IVD),是全球首个获批用于临床的,检测HIV耐药性的体外诊断产品。并且在上个月,该产品还获得了澳大利亚TGA许可。

有望进行快速诊断、及时有效治疗

据Genomeweb报道,这种系统配备的试剂可用于HIV-1蛋白酶/逆转录酶/整合酶基因突变检测,可处理HIV病毒载量低至1000份/毫升的临床样本;在4000份/毫升病毒载量中,检测到低至5%的变异频率;在所有三个目标区域显示出98.50%的临床敏感性,99.82%的变异检测正确性,100%的重现性。

这不仅可以对HIV感染患者进行快速诊断、及时有效的治疗,还可以在HIV的整合酶基因上检测出药物耐受性突变,后者是美国研究者越来越关注的一种重要的药物靶点。

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    2017-08-27 yourmama
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    2017-08-27 Tommy1949
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HIV和2型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-2)感染均造成全球疾病负担,其在流行病学上有一定关联。已有两篇综述进行系统综述时发现HSV-2感染会增加感染HIV的风险。HSV-2感染与HIV感染之间是否真的存在关联呢?

Lancet HIV:HIPSS研究:UNAIDS的90-90-90目标在南非HIV高发地区的实现情况。

为消除新发HIV感染,UNAIDS设立宏伟的90-90-90目标,预计2020年完成。研究人员对此目标是否能在南非高发病地区的HIV发病率省级监测系统(HIPSS)的参与者中得到满足进行评估。

Lancet:长效抗病毒药物Cabotegravir和利匹韦林联合用于维持HIV-1病毒抑制期的效果

人类免疫缺陷病毒,是一种感染人类免疫系统细胞的逆转录病毒,至今无有效的治疗方式。感染者潜伏期长,死亡率高。近日,Lancet上发表一篇关于长效抗病毒药物Cabotegravir和利匹韦林联合用于维持病毒抑制期的效果的文章。

中国人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的特殊群体抗病毒治疗专家共识

随着HIV感染基础及临床研究的进展,尤其是1996年开始的联合抗反转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy, ART)广泛应用以来,HIV感染逐渐成为可防可治的慢性疾病。21世纪以来,全球HIV的感染率和艾滋病的病死率均逐步下降。我国HIV的防控亦取得了巨大的成就,截至2016年6月30日,我国累计治疗HIV感染者/艾滋病患者约52万例,正在治疗的患者约42万例。

eLife:与HIV病毒传播有关的蛋白质实际上对生育有好处!

在精液中发现的蛋白质片段,以前只知道它们能增强艾滋病毒感染的能力,也似乎在生殖生物学中扮演着重要的角色。来自格拉德斯通研究所、加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)和德国乌尔姆大学的一组研究人员发现,这些碎片可以帮助处理受损或不需要的精子。

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