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患者胸腔引流出满满一桶"营养快线"!乳糜胸了解一下

2018-06-05 邓艳茹 中国护理管理

乳糜胸系不同原因导致胸导管破裂或阻塞,使乳糜液溢入胸腔所致。在我科并不少见,以往的病例中一例是自发性的(他科转入),余均与手术相关。

“营养快线”乳糜液,护士们了解一下~

看看下图这满满的一桶!2000多毫升的引流液。您的第一感觉是什么?



这是一位乳糜胸患者的乳糜液。家属戏称“营养快线”。

乳糜液是怎么来的?一起了解一下。

乳糜胸

乳糜胸系不同原因导致胸导管破裂或阻塞,使乳糜液溢入胸腔所致。在我科并不少见,以往的病例中一例是自发性的(他科转入),余均与手术相关。

除了手术性的主要原因,肿瘤性,先天性,其他感染,丝虫病,假性胰腺囊肿、颈静脉或锁骨下静脉的血栓形成、肝硬化以及结核均可引起乳糜胸。

乳糜胸有哪些临床表现?

乳糜胸在胸腔内积聚会压迫肺脏,从而使肺活量减少,纵膈移位,出现气短,偶尔有明显的呼吸窘迫症状。通常,这种发展是不易察觉的,症状也是逐渐出现的。但是,乳糜液的迅速积聚,会出现休克,呼吸急促,心动过速和低血压。乳糜液内所含的蛋白质、脂溶性维生素的脂肪的丢失,也妨碍病人的免疫状态。体液丢失,也可能引起心功能不全。如未及时治疗可引起严重的代谢缺陷,最后出现全身衰竭甚至死亡。

胸导管有什么功能?

乳糜液的成分是起源于肠道的淋巴液。胸导管内的乳糜液是收集肠道、肝脏、腹壁和下肢的淋巴液的混合物,其容量的95%来自肝脏和肠道。胸导管的主要功能胸导管的主要功能是把消化食物的脂肪运往静脉系统。在禁食情况下,胸导管内的淋巴液是清亮的,而在进食脂肪性食物后,胸导管内的液体变成乳白色。在摄入的脂肪中,约有60%-70%被肠道淋巴系统所吸收,并通过胸导管运送到血液中去,吸收的脂肪中50%-70%经胸导管运送到血液。在进食和饮水后,或在进行腹部按摩时,流速增加,饥饿和完全休息可减少胸导管内淋巴的流量。

乳糜胸怎么诊断

诊断乳糜胸的关键在于确诊胸液是乳糜。乳糜液成奶性且不凝固。胸腔穿刺或胸腔引流,得到不凝的牛奶状液体,可诊断。亦可送检引流液做引流液的乳糜定性。

乳糜胸怎么治疗?

针对我科的病因,目前采取的是保守治疗。 有效的胸闭引流,保证足够的营养。常规应用中心静脉全胃肠外营养,让患者禁食,补充必需脂肪酸及脂溶性维生素。关于保守的时间,没有一个统一的标准。病情好转,可逐步更改饮食。

护理上要注意哪些方面?

1、注意观察引流液

术后的患者,在严密观察病情的基础上,注意引流液的颜色、量、性状(正常如下图)。



引流液出现少量浑浊,或开始时引流液并没有明显增多,就要引起重视了,及时通知医生,调整饮食。如果没有及时识别异常,随着病情的进展(如图3),引流液颜色会逐渐浑浊,甚至乳白。引流量也大量增加(如图4),护士需要准确记录引流量。

图3


图4

2、心理护理

出现乳糜胸后,住院时间延长,费用增加 ,照顾者易疲劳,因采取的禁食,少量饮水,或无脂饮食都会给患者的心里带来巨大的负担,甚至会情绪低落,有所抱怨。有些患者甚至不敢进食,怕病情加重。针对以上问题要及时做好心理安慰及解释工作。

3、饮食护理

除了静脉营养,怎么吃是一个大问题,针对病因及根据医嘱指导饮食。病情稳定后,可予无脂饮食。可给予米粥,米饭,面食,佐以调味的榨菜,无脂牛奶或奶粉,水煮蛋白,多进食新鲜的水果(苹果,柑橘,草莓,荔枝,等;但不包括脂肪含量高的牛油果等类)及蔬菜,蔬菜可盐拌水煮,水煮虾(不含头)。

按照我科经验,乳糜胸者出院后仍要注意饮食,吃蛋白质含量丰富的食物,吃清淡食物3个月,少吃油腻食物,少吃煎炸食物。要定期复查,如有不适,及时就诊。

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    2018-06-15 phoebeyan520

    很好很好.学习了

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324382, encodeId=0c213243826a, content=很好很好.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Fri Jun 15 09:20:47 CST 2018, time=2018-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=322143, encodeId=032432214374, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=5, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Thu Jun 07 06:45:40 CST 2018, time=2018-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=321855, encodeId=3528321855c2, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Wed Jun 06 07:29:49 CST 2018, time=2018-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=321719, encodeId=fce4321e19ac, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 05 21:23:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-07 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324382, encodeId=0c213243826a, content=很好很好.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Fri Jun 15 09:20:47 CST 2018, time=2018-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=322143, encodeId=032432214374, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=5, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Thu Jun 07 06:45:40 CST 2018, time=2018-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=321855, encodeId=3528321855c2, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Wed Jun 06 07:29:49 CST 2018, time=2018-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=321719, encodeId=fce4321e19ac, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 05 21:23:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-06 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324382, encodeId=0c213243826a, content=很好很好.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Fri Jun 15 09:20:47 CST 2018, time=2018-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=322143, encodeId=032432214374, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=5, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Thu Jun 07 06:45:40 CST 2018, time=2018-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=321855, encodeId=3528321855c2, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Wed Jun 06 07:29:49 CST 2018, time=2018-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=321719, encodeId=fce4321e19ac, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 05 21:23:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-05 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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