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Mol Psychiatry:吸食大麻引起精神分裂症?

2014-07-01 王英 生物通

几十年来,研究人员注意到精神分裂症和之间存在关联。2014年6月24日,在Nature出版集团出版的国际生物化学与分子生物学顶级杂志《Molecular Psychiatry》发表的一项最新遗传学研究表明,这两者之间的关系比以前想象的更为复杂。 大麻是全球最常用的违禁药物。围绕着大麻的合法化和控制,有很多的争论,因此调查大麻的健康风险已经成为一个紧迫的研究领域。一直以来,研究人员注意到

几十年来,研究人员注意到精神分裂症和之间存在关联。2014年6月24日,在Nature出版集团出版的国际生物化学与分子生物学顶级杂志《Molecular Psychiatry》发表的一项最新遗传学研究表明,这两者之间的关系比以前想象的更为复杂。

大麻是全球最常用的违禁药物。围绕着大麻的合法化和控制,有很多的争论,因此调查大麻的健康风险已经成为一个紧迫的研究领域。一直以来,研究人员注意到吸食大麻和精神分裂症之间存在一种关联,精神分裂症是一种精神障碍,使1%的人终生受其影响。虽然有相当多的证据显示,吸食大麻是精神分裂症的一个组成原因,但是,精神分裂症是否完全归因于大麻直接增加的精神分裂症风险?或者增加精神分裂症风险的相同基因是否也增加吸食大麻风险?仍然不清楚。为了梳理这两者之间的关系,伦敦大学国王学院的精神病学专家Robert Power及同事决定在一个大型遗传学样本(澳大利亚双胞胎登记数据库)中,使用一种多基因的评分方法。

Power指出:“这种方法较少关注使用具体确定的基因,反而是整个基因组的几千个遗传标记总和,我们知道,与对照组相比,这些遗传标记在精神分裂症患者中更加常见。总的来说,这种方法可让我们对具有这种疾病遗传倾向的人计分。然后,我们将所得记分与吸食大麻的两个衡量标准进行比较,分别是:是否一个人曾经吸食大麻,以及他们吸食的量有多少。”

研究人员发现,吸食大麻和吸食量,与这个记分呈正相关,表明总体变化之间共享同一个遗传病因。虽然这种关系表明,精神分裂症易感性可能会导致更多大麻吸食,但是关于这两者之间关系,仍然有许多值得讨论的地方。

他说:“尽管我们的研究结果,但最常见的关联是共同的遗传学,这不太可能。毕竟我们知道,一个人生来就带有基因,在精卵融和时就获得了基因。所以我们可以利用这个作为因果关系的一个基准,因为我们可以更加确信,精神分裂症基因是最早出现的,然后吸食大麻在后。但是,精神分裂症本身很难告诉我们症状是在吸毒之前还是之后开始出现的。”

所以,关于“吸食大麻是否会导致遗传易感个体患上精神分裂症”的争议仍将继续。但是,这些新的研究结果表明,这两者之间的关系比以前想象的更为复杂。

他说:“大麻会导致精神分裂症,但是精神分裂症易感性似乎也使你更可能吸食大麻,引起原因和结果两个方面。我们看到两者之间存在一个关联,原因是不明确的。但是,就我个人而言,我认为这项研究最有趣的地方在于,它提醒我们不要任意偶然发现我们的环境。我们有天生的喜好和行为,使我们寻找类似大麻的事情。就解释遗传学研究而言,这一点很重要,因为它意味着,有时候我们的基因是通过环境诱因而起作用。所以,当我们想说只是我们的基因如何在影响我们的时候,不能过于确定。”

原始出处:


Power RA1, Verweij KJ2, Zuhair M3, Montgomery GW4, Henders AK4, Heath AC5, Madden PA5, Medland SE4, Wray NR6, Martin NG4.Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia associated with increased use of cannabis.Mol Psychiatry. 2014 Jun 24. doi: 10.1038/mp.2014.51. [Epub ahead of print] 

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    2014-07-03 kcb069
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