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Lancet:两次妊娠期间体重增加升高死胎和婴儿死亡风险

2015-12-09 MedSci MedSci原创

瑞典一项包含450000名受试者的研究表明,第一次妊娠期体重正常的女性,如果在第二次妊娠期前体重中度增加,如中等身材的女性体重增加6kg,就会增加死胎和婴儿第一年的死亡率。该研究结果12月2日在线发表于《柳叶刀》杂志上。 研究结果提示,无论第一次妊娠期体重为多少,两次妊娠间体重增加,均会增加死胎风险;而体重减轻,可以降低超重(BMI≧25kg/m2)女性分娩的新生儿(出生28天内)死亡风险。

瑞典一项包含450000名受试者的研究表明,第一次妊娠期体重正常的女性,如果在第二次妊娠期前体重中度增加,如中等身材的女性体重增加6kg,就会增加死胎和婴儿第一年的死亡率。该研究结果12月2日在线发表于《柳叶刀》杂志上。

研究结果提示,无论第一次妊娠期体重为多少,两次妊娠间体重增加,均会增加死胎风险;而体重减轻,可以降低超重(BMI≧25kg/m2)女性分娩的新生儿(出生28天内)死亡风险。

瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡大学的Sven Cnattingius教授,该文的第一作者,她介绍说“在本次研究中,有大约1/5的女性在两次妊娠之间体重增加,从而使死胎率增加30%-50%,新生儿的死亡率也会增加27%-60%。这对公共健康的影响是非常深远的。”

该研究基于瑞典医学出生登记数据。研究者分析了超过450000名女性,研究时间为1992-2012年,评估两次妊娠间女性体重指数变化对死胎和婴儿死亡(出生1年内死亡)风险的影响,引起死亡的原因有先天性异常、出生窒息、感染和婴儿猝死综合征。

研究结果显示,两次妊娠间,与体重稳定(BMI增减幅度为1kg/m2)的女性相比,女性体重增加4个BMI单位,就增加50%的婴儿4周内死亡风险。调整孕妇年龄、教育水平和吸烟等死胎危险因素后,随着体重增加,死胎风险仍旧增加。

文章的共同作者,美国密歇根大学公共卫生学院的Eduardo Villamor教授认为“妊娠女性超重和肥胖率已达到流行病学水平。美国有超过一半的女性,瑞典有超过三分之一的女性在妊娠时超重或肥胖。本研究提示妊娠期女性维持健康的体重和减重对改善婴儿存活率是非常重要的事情。”


专家评论:

Sven Cnattingius和Eduardo Villamor利用在瑞典出生登记处的独特资源,对456711名妇女进行身高、早孕期体重的数据挖掘,以确定死胎和婴儿死亡的危险因素。作者研究第一次和第二次妊娠的体重质量指数(BMI)变化与死胎、婴儿死亡风险之间的联系。作者在报告中指出死胎、婴儿死亡的风险会随着第一次和第二次妊娠的体重质量指数变化的增加而增加(如果两者BMI改变为2-4kg/m2对-1~1kg/m2,则相对风险为1.3895%CI:1.16-1.63,类似的,如果两者BMI改变为大于4kg/m2对-1-1kg/m2,则相对风险为1.5595%CI:1.23-1.98),并且新发现第一次怀孕期间体重正常的妇女,在第二胎怀孕时若体重有轻度增加也会导致婴儿死亡率增高(如果体重指数涨幅为2~4kg/m2对-1~1kg/m2,则相对风险为1.27,95%CI:1.01-1.59),若一个体重正常的妇女在第一次怀孕时BMI增加超过4个单位,则其婴儿死亡率会增加(相对风险1.60);令人欣慰的是若一个超重的妇女在第二次怀孕前减重,其新生儿死亡率降低(如果BMI下降2个单位,相对风险为0.49)

正如《柳叶刀》死胎系列所描述的,在发达国家死胎率仍然很高。千年发展目标中降低新生儿死亡率的目标还未达成。在怀孕期间降低体重是否能成为减少死胎和新生儿死亡率的有效措施?

对于女性而言,怀孕期间的体重增加和产后体重滞留成为肥胖的主要危险因素。饮食和活动干预能否优化怀孕期间的体重增加?LIMIT研究(2212例受试者)认为生活方式干预并不能明显影响孕妇的体重,但新生儿出现巨大儿的现象明显减少;另一项荟萃分析认为生活方式干预后孕妇的体重增重平均减少1·42千克,另外两个实验也有类似的结果。根据作者的数据分析,这种体重的减少程度太小,并且不一定能保持到下一胎生育,无以对下一次的妊娠的死胎和新生儿死亡率产生明显的影响。目前的证据表明,生活干预来限制孕妇的体重增加有利于母亲和胎儿,但对产后体重保持及死胎和婴儿死亡风险降低无明显影响。

孕妇在产后面临身体和精神的双重挑战。产后体重停留多见于少数民族和那些得产后抑郁和睡眠障碍的妇女,这些都是死胎的常见危险因素。这些情况应给予干预,降低产妇体重,这最终也会有利于降低死胎和新生儿死亡率。

Cnattingius和Villamor的研究中新提出怀孕期间中等程度的体重增加(BMI增加≥2kg/m2)也会使新生儿死亡率增加,但这个仅针对于首次怀孕前体重正常的妇女。这个结果出人意料,但作者指出偏瘦型妇女在怀孕期间脂肪增加明显,其BMI涨幅大于偏胖型妇女,她们的风险也会随之加大。需要指出的是,这种联系不仅仅局限于新生儿死亡,其他新生儿先天畸形、早产,缺氧缺血性脑病,新生儿败血症等也与孕产妇的高BMI指数相关(如果BMI增加≥4,相对风险为1.61,即风险增加61%)。

非常重要的是,我们需要有效的财政和公共卫生战略,来提高青少年的健康饮食和活动锻炼的意识。这将有助于减少肥胖和体重增加过度的孕妇,帮助产妇产后体重恢复,并有可能降低死胎率和新生儿死亡率。

原始出处:

Sven Cnattingius, Eduardo Villamor.Weight change between successive pregnancies and risks of stillbirth and infant mortality:anation wide cohort study.Lancet, December 2, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00990-3
PDF:Sven Cnattingius, Eduardo Villamor.Weight.pdf

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    2016-06-20 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828345, encodeId=17c01828345b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 07:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48580, encodeId=0a8a485805a, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=181, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1250977, encodeId=19f312509e776, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90494486837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44868, encryptionId=90494486837, topicName=妊娠期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255542, encodeId=0deb125554250, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63390, encryptionId=587f6339050, topicName=死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298196, encodeId=195f1298196d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3379266918f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体重增加#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26691, encryptionId=3379266918f, topicName=体重增加)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45b2276, createdName=839640778, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1508411, encodeId=b6bc150841188, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bc66341438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63414, encryptionId=0bc66341438, topicName=死胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd2a9955567, createdName=bsmagic9135, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得看。

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828345, encodeId=17c01828345b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 07:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48580, encodeId=0a8a485805a, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=181, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1250977, encodeId=19f312509e776, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90494486837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44868, encryptionId=90494486837, topicName=妊娠期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255542, encodeId=0deb125554250, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63390, encryptionId=587f6339050, topicName=死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298196, encodeId=195f1298196d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3379266918f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体重增加#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26691, encryptionId=3379266918f, topicName=体重增加)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45b2276, createdName=839640778, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1508411, encodeId=b6bc150841188, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bc66341438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63414, encryptionId=0bc66341438, topicName=死胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd2a9955567, createdName=bsmagic9135, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828345, encodeId=17c01828345b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 07:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48580, encodeId=0a8a485805a, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=181, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1250977, encodeId=19f312509e776, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90494486837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44868, encryptionId=90494486837, topicName=妊娠期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1255542, encodeId=0deb125554250, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63390, encryptionId=587f6339050, topicName=死亡风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=74808, createdName=quxin068, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1298196, encodeId=195f1298196d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3379266918f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#体重增加#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=26691, encryptionId=3379266918f, topicName=体重增加)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45b2276, createdName=839640778, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1508411, encodeId=b6bc150841188, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bc66341438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63414, encryptionId=0bc66341438, topicName=死胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cd2a9955567, createdName=bsmagic9135, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 12:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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