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LANCET INFECT DIS:伊维菌素作为一种新的疟疾控制补充工具,可减少疟疾发病率和患病率

2020-01-20 MedSci MedSci原创

研究表明,伊维菌素可作为减少疟疾传播的一种潜在的新型病媒控制工具。蚊子吸取含有伊维菌素的血液后寿命会变短,因此可能活不到能够完成产生子孢子而具有传染性。本研究的目的是评估伊维菌素在不同使用情况下对疟疾传播的影响。

研究表明,伊维菌素可作为减少疟疾传播的一种潜在的新型病媒控制工具。蚊子吸取含有伊维菌素的血液后寿命会变短,因此可能活不到能够完成产生子孢子而具有传染性。本研究的目的是评估伊维菌素在不同使用情况下对疟疾传播的影响。

研究人员针对两个数据集验证了现有的伊维菌素大规模给药(MDA)对蚊子种群和疟疾传播影响的群体水平数学模型。临床数据来源于2015年在布基纳法索服用伊维菌素的身高高于90厘米一个集群随机试验,昆虫学数据来源于2008年和2013年之间,在布基纳法索、塞内加尔和利比里亚针对盘尾丝虫病或淋巴丝虫病经伊维菌素MDA后的蚊子数据。研究人员扩展了现有的模型,使其包括一系列补充性疟疾干预措施(季节性疟疾化学预防和使用双氢青蒿素-哌喹),并纳入了更高剂量的伊维菌素和更长的灭蚊效果的新数据。研究人员考虑两个伊维菌素治疗方案:单剂量400μg /公斤(1×400μg /公斤)和连续三次每日剂量300μg /公斤/(3×300μg /公斤)。在不同传播环境(高度季节性、季节性和一直流行)的一系列环境模拟了这两种剂量的影响。最后,研究人员报告了临床发病率和血片患病率的百分比下降情况。

研究发现,伊维菌素MDA降低患病率和发病率,并在具有高度季节性传播的地区最有效。在一个高度季节的环境中,三轮伊维菌素在3×300μg /公斤(间隔为1个月)70%的覆盖预计可减少71%的临床发病率和34%得患病率。研究人员预测,在这种情况下,在季节性疟疾化学预防中添加伊维菌素可以使5岁以下儿童的临床发病率比单独使用季节性疟疾化学预防降低77%;与单独使用双氢青蒿素-哌喹相比,在这种情况下,使用双氢青蒿素-哌喹中添加伊维菌素的MDA策略可使发病率降低75%,患病率降低64%(所有年龄)

研究模型预测表明,伊维菌素可能是疟疾控制工具中的一个非常有价值的补充,既可用于现有干预措施不足的传播持续高的地区,也可用于接近消除以防止疟疾再传播的地区。

原始出处:

Carlos Chaccour, MD, Oliver J Watson, MRes, Joel Hellewell, PhD. Ivermectin as a novel complementary malaria control tool to reduce incidence and prevalence: a modelling study


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    2020-08-06 howi
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