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EuroPCR 2018丨抗血小板界的“多面手”,你认识吗?

2018-05-27 佚名 医学界心血管频道

新研究丰富了替格瑞洛的多效性:替格瑞洛除抗血小板作用之外,还可带来额外获益。

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)被认为是“极高危中的极高危”,是冠心病中病死率最高的类型,是因为它最主要的病理生理机制是不稳定斑块的破裂,其中可能涉及到炎症、内皮功能紊乱、氧化应激、胆固醇沉积、血栓形成等多种病生机制,最终导致冠状动脉供血减少、心肌细胞死亡。

替格瑞洛作为新一代P2Y12受体拮抗剂,上市至今,其在抗血小板治疗领域的地位越来越高,是可降低心血管死亡率的P2Y12受体抑制剂。特别是在应对ACS时,替格瑞洛较氯吡格雷血小板抑制作用强、起效速度快、大出血风险无显着增加,因此,国内外多部权威指南和专家共识(《2016急性冠脉综合征急诊快速诊疗指南》和《中国经皮冠状动脉介入治疗指南(2016)》)均将其作为治疗的首选药物。

随着人们对替格瑞洛认识的不断深入,发现其作用不止于抗血小板。近日,于法国巴黎召开的介入心脏病学领域最高水平盛会——欧洲心血管介入会议(EuroPCR) 2018,多个研究证实了替格瑞洛的多效性。

EuroPCR学术年会的内容涵盖了介入心脏病学的各个方面,专注于业内最新理念、研究进展、器械研发、介入技术及行业动态等。其中,法国时间5月24日,公布的PLEIO、TRIP和HI-TECH三项研究备受关注:研究结果显示了替格瑞洛在冠心病治疗中的多效性。

1.PLEIO:改善冠脉微循环——细致入“微"

随着经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的不断普及,冠心病患者的死亡率显着下降,但单凭冠脉造影等影像学检查并不能完全解释冠脉病变与患者心绞痛症状的相关性,于是,人们逐渐认识到冠脉微循环功能在冠心病诊疗中的重要意义,进而开发出一系列评估微循环功能的工具和方法。

2009年发表在《NEJM》上的PLATO研究发现,替格瑞洛较氯吡格雷显着降低ACS患者死亡率,但该研究并未阐明这一结论的发生机制,而此后相关研究数据不足。PLEIO(Ticagrelor improves microcirculation in patientswith acute coronary syndrome)研究团队的目的就是为了解释这一发生机制。

PLEIO研究共入选120名ACS患者,随机分为替格瑞洛组和氯吡格雷组,术前均给予负荷量(分别为替格瑞洛180 mg和氯吡格雷600 mg),随后行PCI治疗,并测量第一次冠脉微循环阻力指数(IMR),术后均给予维持量(分别为替格瑞洛90 mg bid和氯吡格雷75 mg qd)6个月,复查冠脉造影(CAG),并测量第二次IMR。该研究的主要终点事件为PCI术后6个月的IMR,次要终点事件为PCI术后6个月的冠脉血流储备分数(FFR)、PCI术后6个月的冠脉血流储备(CFR)和6个月IMR的变化。

IMR在临床上可以作为预测预后的指标,较临床重点指标更为敏感,是一项容易获得的反应微循环功能状态的可信指标。IMR居高不下,提示微循环灌注无显着改善,存活心肌少,恢复较差;而治疗后IMR较低的患者生存率较高,不良事件率较低。

研究发现,替格瑞洛组和氯吡格雷组基线FFR、CFR和IMR无显着性差异,两组PCI术后6个月IMR均明显下降,而前组IMR较后组下降更显着,前组CFR较后组显着升高。

表:PLEIO研究主要终点事件




图1:替格瑞洛组IMR较氯吡格雷组下降更显着

IMR为何会有如此显着的改善呢?研究进一步发现,血小板抑制率与IMR呈负相关,而与CFR呈正相关。基于此,PLATO研究得出的结论,替格瑞洛组较氯吡格雷组死亡率下降可能与前组IMR改善更显着有关。

2.TRIP:PCI围手术期心肌保护——“替”你更贴心

远程缺血预处理(RIPC)最早于1993年由Przyklenk等提出,是指一个器官或组织经过短暂的缺血再灌注可释放生化信使或激活神经通路,对远隔器官产生保护作用。随着这一结果的发现,RIPC逐渐被人们重视,并开始广泛应用于各种器官保护研究中。在冠心病心肌保护相关领域的研究发现,围术期肌钙蛋白升高与新发不可逆的心肌损伤相关,腺苷在启动RIPC中起到重要作用。此外,也有研究发现替格瑞洛可以抑制细胞摄取腺苷。

TRIP(Ticagrelorin Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning study)研究旨在探讨替格瑞洛通过RIPC降低围术期心肌损伤和PCI术后心肌梗死(PMI)的发生率。研究通过测量PCI后肌钙蛋白值评价RIPC效果。

TRIP研究方法为:入选136名18岁以上非ST段抬高型急性心梗患者,随机分为替格瑞洛组和氯吡格雷组,每组再随机分为RIPC组和对照组;所谓RIPC方法即将血压袖带系于上臂,实施3次5 min缺血-再灌注。

研究结果发现,RIPC组和对照组肌钙蛋白变化差异显着。多因素回归分析发现,PCI相关心肌梗死发生率与RICP和抗血小板药物相互作用独立相关。基于此,研究证实,替格瑞洛较氯吡格雷对PCI围手术期心肌具有更好的保护作用。

3.HI-TECH:脱靶效应,额外抗血小板作用

替格瑞洛除了可直接作用于P2Y12受体,还可以部分抑制非钠离子依赖性平衡核苷转运体-1(ENT-1),而氯吡格雷和普拉格雷则不具有后者作用。细胞通过该转运体摄取腺苷,理论上,替格瑞洛可通过抑制转运体作用,导致腺苷“脱靶”,从而增加外周血腺苷浓度,改善冠脉内皮功能。

HI-TECH研究旨在对比替格瑞洛和其他P2Y12受体抑制剂在稳定的ACS后患者中的腺苷脱靶作用。研究最终入选54名ACS后≥30天的患者,随机分为替格瑞洛组、普拉格雷组和氯吡格雷组,进行4周药物治疗。主要终点事件为通过脉冲振幅测试测量相对充血指数(RHI)评价内皮功能。

研究结果发现,替格瑞洛组RHI与普拉格雷组和氯吡格雷组均无明显差异,但替格瑞洛血小板活动单元较其他两组均低。


图2:HI-TECH研究的主要结果

听听专家怎么说~


山东大学齐鲁医院 葛志明教授

既往研究发现,腺苷会对介导呼吸困难的肺部迷走神经纤维产生刺激,可能使患者出现呼吸困难的不良反应,但近来研究同样发现,血腺苷浓度升高还可获得众多有益的效应。

替格瑞洛是一种无须经肝脏代谢即可直接起效的非前体药物,可与P2Y12受体可逆性结合,近来研究发现,替格瑞洛能抑制细胞内腺苷再摄取,增加腺苷半衰期及血浆浓度,起到保护心肌、增加冠状动脉血流、抑制血小板聚集等作用。

2009年发布的PLATO研究结果证实,替格瑞洛在ACS患者发病1年内的疗效优于氯吡格雷,可进一步降低支架血栓的发生率33%,降低心梗16%,降低复合终点16%,降低死亡率21%,且不增加大出血风险。2018年EuroPCR公布的新研究主要针对之前研究结果进行了机制方面的阐述,从本质上表明替格瑞洛的多效性,也证实了该药在ACS患者中的确切作用。

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    2018-08-19 tomyang98
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    2018-06-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  3. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Thu May 31 09:18:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746883, encodeId=c7b71e46883fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1fb7e08974' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EuroPCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7089, encryptionId=1fb7e08974, topicName=EuroPCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b4735868574, createdName=tomyang98, createdTime=Sun Aug 19 16:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=322796, encodeId=d167322e96b1, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Thu May 31 09:18:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  5. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Thu May 31 09:18:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  6. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Thu May 31 09:18:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746883, encodeId=c7b71e46883fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1fb7e08974' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EuroPCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7089, encryptionId=1fb7e08974, topicName=EuroPCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b4735868574, createdName=tomyang98, createdTime=Sun Aug 19 16:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=322796, encodeId=d167322e96b1, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Thu May 31 09:18:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746883, encodeId=c7b71e46883fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1fb7e08974' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EuroPCR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7089, encryptionId=1fb7e08974, topicName=EuroPCR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b4735868574, createdName=tomyang98, createdTime=Sun Aug 19 16:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=322796, encodeId=d167322e96b1, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Thu May 31 09:18:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-09 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  9. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Thu May 31 09:18:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-31 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

  10. 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    2018-05-31 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

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