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Nature子刊:阿尔茨海默病竟是肠道微生物在作祟?

2017-02-14 佚名 生物探索

被誉为人类的"第二基因组"的肠道菌群,近年来已经成为最火爆的研究领域之一。这些高度多样化、数量惊人的菌群生活在我们的身体中,对我们的健康至关重要。肠道菌群参与许多重要的生理功能,如食物的消化和新陈代谢,免疫反应和炎症等。同时,肠道菌群还可以与大脑相互作用,影响一些精神疾病比如焦虑、抑郁、自闭、精神分裂及神经退行性疾病的发生及发展。



被誉为人类的"第二基因组"的肠道菌群,近年来已经成为最火爆的研究领域之一。这些高度多样化、数量惊人的菌群生活在我们的身体中,对我们的健康至关重要。肠道菌群参与许多重要的生理功能,如食物的消化和新陈代谢,免疫反应和炎症等。同时,肠道菌群还可以与大脑相互作用,影响一些精神疾病比如焦虑、抑郁、自闭、精神分裂及神经退行性疾病的发生及发展。

阿尔茨海默病的发现至今已过去了一个多世纪,但在十大致命的疾病中,阿尔茨海默病仍然是唯一一个不能预防,治疗或治愈的疾病。随着人类寿命延长,老年人口数增加,阿尔茨海默病患者也越来越多。尽管一些临床和实验证据都暗示肠道菌群在神经退行性疾病的发生及发展中扮演着重要角色,但它对于阿尔茨海默病的影响仍然不明确。近日,瑞典隆德大学的一项研究表明,肠道细菌可以加速阿尔茨海默病的发展。这项发表于Scientific Reports上的研究结果为预防及治疗阿尔兹海默症提供了新的可能。

APP转基因小鼠与野生小鼠具有不同的肠道菌群组成

在动物实验中,研究人员通过测序细菌16S rRNA发现,与对照小鼠相比,阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠(淀粉样前体蛋白APP转基因小鼠)具有不同的肠道细菌组成。因此,研究人员构建了无菌的APP转基因小鼠,以进一步探究肠道细菌与该病之间的关系。研究人员发现,与对照组相比,无菌小鼠脑中β-淀粉样蛋白斑块数量明显更少。而神经元中β-淀粉样蛋白的聚集是阿尔茨海默病的一个典型病理特征之一。

被移植APP转基因小鼠肠道菌群的无菌小鼠β-淀粉样斑块水平升高

为了理清肠道菌群与阿尔茨海默病发病之间的联系,研究人员分别将健康小鼠和阿尔兹海默症模型小鼠的肠道细菌转移到无菌小鼠中,发现被转移患病小鼠来源的肠道细菌的小鼠大脑中出现更多的β-淀粉样斑块。

“我们的研究是独一无二的,它显示了肠道细菌和阿尔茨海默病之间的直接因果关系。令人惊讶的是,完全缺乏细菌的小鼠大脑中的淀粉样蛋白斑更少。”本文的研究人员FridaF?kH?llenius说。

“这项结果意味着,我们现在可以开始寻找预防或延迟阿尔茨海默病发生及发展的方法。我们认为这是一个重大突破,因为我们以前只能提供缓解症状的抗逆转录病毒药物。”

该研究为隆德食品健康科学中心的FridaF?kH?llenius副教授和博士生Nittaya Marungruang与瑞士洛桑联邦理工研究小组之间的一项联合研究。该联合研究小组现已扩展到包括来自德国和比利时的研究人员,并收到5000万瑞典克朗的欧盟资助。研究人员将继续研究细菌在阿尔茨海默病发展中的作用,并探索基于通过饮食和新型益生菌调节肠道微生物群的全新预防和治疗策略。

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    2017-02-25 Stanford

    与最近看了方向类似

    0

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