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Anesthesia & Analgesia:静脉注射利多卡因预防围术期咳嗽:系统评价与回顾性分析

2019-08-25 anesthGH “罂粟花”

围术期麻醉引起的咳嗽短暂且具有自限性,可防治误吸,但咳嗽也可增加围术期快速心律失常、动脉高压、上呼吸道并发症等发生率,并可能增加颅内压、腹内压和眼压,对于某些高危患者,预防咳嗽是必要的。静脉注射利多卡因是气管插管期间预防咳嗽的一种方法,但目前尚不清楚对阿片类引起的咳嗽是否同样有效,对成人和儿童是否都有效,以及是否存在剂量敏感性和危害风险。

背景与目的

围术期麻醉引起的咳嗽短暂且具有自限性,可防治误吸,但咳嗽也可增加围术期快速心律失常、动脉高压、上呼吸道并发症等发生率,并可能增加颅内压、腹内压和眼压,对于某些高危患者,预防咳嗽是必要的。静脉注射利多卡因是气管插管期间预防咳嗽的一种方法,但目前尚不清楚对阿片类引起的咳嗽是否同样有效,对成人和儿童是否都有效,以及是否存在剂量敏感性和危害风险。

方  法

在电子数据库中收集2017年1月1日以前的手术患者静脉注射利多卡因和安慰剂预防咳嗽的随机对照试验。咳嗽发生率作为主要结果。用随机效应模型分析数据,并用风险比(RR) 和需要治疗人数(NNT)表示为95%置信区间。

结 果

样本中有20例成人试验(n = 3062)、5例儿童试验(n = 445)静脉注射利多卡因0.5~2 mg/kg预防插管、拔管或阿片类引起的咳嗽。其中有22例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级患者,3例(n = 99)ASA Ⅲ级患者。无论剂量和咳嗽病因如何,与安慰剂组相比,利多卡因组成人和儿童的咳嗽发生率更低。成人试验数据显示咳嗽具有剂量敏感性:静脉注射利多卡因0.5mg/kg,RR为0.66(0.50~0.88),NNT为8(5.4–14.3);静脉注射利多卡因1mg/kg,RR为0.58(0.49~0.69),NNT为7(4.6~8.9);静脉注射利多卡因1.5mg/kg,RR为0.44(0.33~0.58),NNT为5(3.3~5.2);静脉注射利多卡因2 mg/kg,RR为0.39 (0.24~0.62),NNT为3 (2.0~3.4)。不良反应报告极少。

结 论

静脉注射0.5~2 mg/kg的利多卡因,可呈剂量依赖性预防成人和儿童插管、拔管及阿片类引起的咳嗽,NNTs波动于8~3之间,但对高危患者的危害风险尚不清楚。

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    2020-03-29 AspirantSuo
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createdName=h.y200607_23674418, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 02:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2051427, encodeId=ce47205142e15, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=95f8e042dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EST#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7042, encryptionId=95f8e042dd, topicName=EST)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9a6357, createdName=xiangyuzhou971, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 22:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700105, encodeId=e6d81e001053d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=295524e541' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Anal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2475, encryptionId=295524e541, topicName=Anal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=de3a29999500, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 17:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697961, encodeId=7a5b169e9619f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 07:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1779903, encodeId=23681e79903e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f89b25041c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#anesthesia#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2504, encryptionId=f89b25041c, topicName=anesthesia)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Mon Dec 30 09:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275441, encodeId=365312e544139, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a39406551e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#围术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40655, encryptionId=6a39406551e, topicName=围术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fca128, createdName=licz0423, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1288854, encodeId=fb6a128885406, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b1e322e85e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#利多卡因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32278, encryptionId=0b1e322e85e, topicName=利多卡因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c982214, createdName=tomyang86, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1444569, encodeId=5c6b14445699d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d9291459d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91459, encryptionId=3d9291459d1, topicName=评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1fee5134542, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492494, encodeId=4ad51492494a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-03 经常头晕
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633531, encodeId=533b16335317c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=377824e1c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ANA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2471, encryptionId=377824e1c0, topicName=ANA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=434d22047430, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Sun Mar 29 19:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1956564, encodeId=4dcb19565645a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9559e976b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7976, encryptionId=9559e976b0, topicName=GES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b632500090, createdName=h.y200607_23674418, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 02:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2051427, encodeId=ce47205142e15, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=95f8e042dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EST#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7042, encryptionId=95f8e042dd, topicName=EST)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9a6357, createdName=xiangyuzhou971, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 22:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1700105, encodeId=e6d81e001053d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=295524e541' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Anal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2475, encryptionId=295524e541, topicName=Anal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=de3a29999500, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 17:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697961, encodeId=7a5b169e9619f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 07:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1779903, encodeId=23681e79903e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f89b25041c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#anesthesia#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2504, encryptionId=f89b25041c, topicName=anesthesia)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Mon Dec 30 09:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275441, encodeId=365312e544139, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a39406551e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#围术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40655, encryptionId=6a39406551e, topicName=围术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fca128, createdName=licz0423, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1288854, encodeId=fb6a128885406, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b1e322e85e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#利多卡因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32278, encryptionId=0b1e322e85e, topicName=利多卡因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c982214, createdName=tomyang86, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1444569, encodeId=5c6b14445699d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d9291459d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91459, encryptionId=3d9291459d1, topicName=评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1fee5134542, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492494, encodeId=4ad51492494a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-14 fusion
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633531, encodeId=533b16335317c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=377824e1c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ANA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2471, encryptionId=377824e1c0, topicName=ANA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=434d22047430, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Sun Mar 29 19:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1956564, encodeId=4dcb19565645a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9559e976b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7976, encryptionId=9559e976b0, topicName=GES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b632500090, 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encryptionId=295524e541, topicName=Anal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=de3a29999500, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 17:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1697961, encodeId=7a5b169e9619f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f2399910109' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99101, encryptionId=f2399910109, topicName=静脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0bc129907796, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Tue Jul 14 07:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1779903, encodeId=23681e79903e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f89b25041c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#anesthesia#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2504, encryptionId=f89b25041c, topicName=anesthesia)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Mon Dec 30 09:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275441, encodeId=365312e544139, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a39406551e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#围术期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40655, encryptionId=6a39406551e, topicName=围术期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5fca128, createdName=licz0423, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1288854, encodeId=fb6a128885406, content=<a 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ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492494, encodeId=4ad51492494a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=685199141a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#静脉注射#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99141, encryptionId=685199141a6, topicName=静脉注射)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77e28942453, createdName=millore, createdTime=Tue Aug 27 14:13:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633531, encodeId=533b16335317c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=377824e1c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ANA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2471, encryptionId=377824e1c0, topicName=ANA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=434d22047430, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Sun Mar 29 19:13:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1956564, encodeId=4dcb19565645a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9559e976b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7976, encryptionId=9559e976b0, topicName=GES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b632500090, 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    2019-08-27 huagfeg
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静脉输注利多卡因可明显降低腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛评分和阿片类药物使用量,且不良反应较少。

JAMA:多塞平漱口液或苯海拉明利多卡因抗酸漱口液用于患者放疗导致的口腔疼痛

研究认为,在接受头颈部放射治疗的患者中,多塞平漱口液或苯海拉明利多卡因抗酸漱口液可减少患者口腔粘膜炎疼痛,但与安慰剂相比,效果不显著

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