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颅内原发性Rosai-Dorfman病1例

2020-02-04 刘帆 孙博 苗延巍 中国临床医学影像杂志

病例男,46岁,11月前无明显诱因出现左上肢麻木,近3月出现左上肢震颤,近1月抽搐两次,病情逐渐进展。专科检查:颈软,无抵抗,Kernig、Brudzinski征均阴性,四肢肌力均为V级,肌张力正常。

病例男,46岁,11月前无明显诱因出现左上肢麻木,近3月出现左上肢震颤,近1月抽搐两次,病情逐渐进展。专科检查:颈软,无抵抗,Kernig、Brudzinski征均阴性,四肢肌力均为V级,肌张力正常。
 
MRI检查示:右侧额顶部硬膜下见扁丘状占位,宽基底附于硬脑膜,大小约42.0mm×23.4mm×12.3mm;病变呈T1WI等、T2WI稍低信号,信号均匀;边界欠清,邻近脑实质受压,并见T1WI低、T2WI高信号的水肿区;静脉注射Gd-DTPA后病灶主体呈明显强化,边界清,局部可见“脑膜尾征”,强化的脑膜边缘可见“短毛刺”样改变,病灶与脑膜间可见细条状相对弱强化区。
 
手术所见:硬膜下见灰白不规则肿块组织,切面实性、质中,颅骨未见骨质破坏。镜下见:脑膜间质硬化透明变性,硬化间质将病变分隔成不规则形或结节状,结节内呈明暗相间,暗区内见大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润,并见免疫球蛋白小体形成,明区可见片状核大、核仁明显、胞浆透明空亮细胞。免疫组化:CD68(+)、CD138(浆细胞)(+)、CD163(+)、MUM-1(浆细胞)(+)、S-100(+)、IgG(浆细胞)(+),EBER(-)。病理诊断:脑膜Rosai-Dorfman病。





图1T1WI轴位(图1a)、T2WI轴位(图1b)示T1WI等信号,T2WI等、低信号,边界不清,周边脑实质受压。图1c~1e:轴、矢、冠状位增强示病灶明显均匀强化,可见脑膜尾征,病灶与脑膜间可见细条状相对弱强化区;强化的脑膜局部可见短毛刺。图1f:病理(HE)Rosai-Dorfman病:组织细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞聚集。
 
讨论
 
Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD)是一种罕见的良性组织细胞增生性疾病,在1969年由Rosai和Dorfman首次报道,本病多累及淋巴结,原发于中枢神经系统而无身体其他部位淋巴结肿大者罕见,低于4%。颅内RDD好发于男性中青年,多表现为颅内脑实质外的单发或多发肿块,好发于大脑凸面、镰旁、鞍区及海绵窦旁,绝大多数病例都与硬脑膜密切相关,肿块多位于硬脑膜外或硬脑膜下。病理表现为大量的组织细胞、淋巴细胞和浆细胞聚集,并被纤维组织分隔,其中组织细胞胞浆中可见淋巴细胞—“淋巴吞噬”现象为RDD特征性病理表现。
 
颅内RDD的形态结构与淋巴结内RDD相同,但纤维化更明显。典型的RDD在MRI上T1WI呈等信号,T2WI及DWI为等-低信号,增强扫描多为明显均匀强化,多伴有脑膜尾征,部分病例伴有不同程度的脑水肿。T2WI像RDD病灶中出现聚集的低信号影及CT检查没有钙化是RDD的特征性影像学表现,有文献认为这种现象与巨噬细胞在吞噬过程中释放的自由基显影相关,部分学者认为T2WI等低信号也可能与局灶性坏死及纤维化有关;本例增强扫描还可见肿块与脑实质分界欠清,沿脑沟向内延伸,呈“短毛刺”或“伪足样”改变,考虑为软脑膜受累征象,高培毅等学者认为肿块边缘“毛刺”为强化的柔脑膜,还需要进一步病理证实。
 
颅内原发RDD常需与以下疾病相鉴别:
 
①脑膜瘤:脑膜瘤起源于蛛网膜细胞或蛛网膜帽状细胞,常发于中老年,女性好发,形态上多呈半圆或椭圆型隆起的颅内脑外病变,典型MRI影像表现为在T1WI及T2WI等信号,但脑膜瘤病理亚型较多,依据其组织成分不同T2WI信号可有改变,如肿瘤内纤维成分及钙化较多,肿瘤可表现为T1WI及T2WI低信号,需要与RDD鉴别;良性脑膜瘤边缘光整,且因与脑实质间脑脊液间隙的存在,通常与脑实质分界较清晰,无柔脑膜受累,与部分RDD邻近脑实质侧呈“毛刺样”改变不同;且本例RDD沿脑膜呈扁丘匍匐状生长,病灶内没有钙化,也是与脑膜瘤鉴别的要点;
 
②脑膜淋巴瘤:继发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤常累及脑膜,呈T1WI等或稍低信号、T2WI等信号且信号均匀,DWI多呈高信号,钙化、出血少见,增强扫描后肿瘤整体均匀强化,有文献报道强化后病灶内部可见细线样“放射状”改变,这种特异的强化方式有助于与RDD鉴别;
 
③特发性肥厚型硬脑膜炎:是一种以硬脑膜增厚、炎性纤维化为特征的疾病,原因不明,发病率较低,好发于中老年人,MR平扫表现为硬脑膜局灶性或弥漫性不均匀增厚,病灶多呈T1WI等低信号、T2WI低信号,T2WI上低信号主要与硬脑膜纤维化有关,增强扫描呈明显强化,部分病灶中心可见线样无强化,两侧强化,呈“轨道征”,有鉴别意义。
 
总之,颅内RDD是一种罕见的硬脑膜良性病变,若MRI发现颅内基于硬脑膜扁平或匍匐生长的孤立或者多发肿块,CT检查未见钙化,而MR检查T2WI及DWI呈低信号,增强明显均匀强化,应考虑到RDD的可能。
 
原始出处:

刘帆,孙博,苗延巍,高冰冰,周宇婧,唐乐梅,邱佳.颅内原发性Rosai-Dorfman病1例影像学诊断[J].中国临床医学影像杂志,2019(01):65-66.

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    2020-02-06 bioon3
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    2020-02-06 lsndxfj

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