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BMC Gastroenterology:乳糜泻患者症状多不典型 医生需警惕

2014-12-22 mrsamrsa 丁香园

据意大利新近研究,经典的乳糜泻症状已不再出现于大多数新近确诊患者。相反,研究者表明医生应考虑乳糜泻可能出现的其他症状,即使患者并未在意。 哥伦比亚大学腹部疾病中心主任 Peter Green 医生说:“从1970年代以来,在成人和儿童中都出现经典腹泻症状者越来越少,而更多患者症状不典型,甚至无症状。我们并不确知一个患者腹泻而另一个却腹痛或者骨质疏松的原因。” 意大利博洛尼亚大学医学教授

据意大利新近研究,经典的乳糜泻症状已不再出现于大多数新近确诊患者。相反,研究者表明医生应考虑乳糜泻可能出现的其他症状,即使患者并未在意。

哥伦比亚大学腹部疾病中心主任 Peter Green 医生说:“从1970年代以来,在成人和儿童中都出现经典腹泻症状者越来越少,而更多患者症状不典型,甚至无症状。我们并不确知一个患者腹泻而另一个却腹痛或者骨质疏松的原因。”

意大利博洛尼亚大学医学教授及圣奥索拉仁济大学医院伦理委员会副主席 Umberto Volta 医生及其同事在 BMC Gastroenterology 11月18日线上版中写到15年前普遍认为乳糜泻是罕见的小儿食物不耐受,常见症状为腹泻和肠道损伤。

这项研究涉及了770位患者,599位为女性,均在1998年至2007年间诊断。近一半是在研究期间的前10年确诊,余下的在后5年中确诊,显示出诊断效率的大幅提升。在所有患者中610位患者,79%在确诊时有症状。

但他们的大多数症状不是典型的腹泻和体重减轻,而是“非典型”症状如腹胀,骨质疏松和贫血。腹泻症状只占27%。典型症状在这15年中逐渐减少,从10年47%的患者跌至后5年的13%。而其他不明确的相关症状增长了86%。

Volta在写给路透社医药健康的邮件中说到“乳糜泻临床表现中随时间最令人震惊的变化是腹泻作为主要症状但减少,而其他非典型胃肠道症状增多(如便秘、腹胀、排便时间改变、胃食管反流、恶心、呕吐和消化不良)。大多数乳糜泻患者并无胃肠道症状,但有肠外表现如缺铁性贫血,无法解释的骨质疏松,肝功检查异常及反复流产。”

和乳糜泻相关的最常见疾病史甲状腺疾病。只有一半患者有严重的肠道损伤。在后几年中,更多患者是由血液检查确诊。Volta说这可能是典型症状模式变化的原因之一,因为患者被更早地确诊了。他说:“谷蛋白的影响还没那么严重。乳糜泻的自然发展史由于乳糜泻相关抗体的发现而彻底改变了,而抗体辨别了很多未考虑该病的案例。”

Green对检查大幅提升了疾病诊断效率。他说到在英国,任何有缺铁症或偏头痛的患者都会进行乳糜泻相关检查。多数腹部专家理解症状多样性,但内科医生可能不理解。他指出在美国,只有17%的患病者被确诊了。他说“任何人都可能患乳糜泻。我们想让你知道的是如果你觉得自己有乳糜泻,别只是进行无谷蛋白膳食,而是去做个检查。”

Volta说他希望这项研究可以提醒医生很多症状都可提示乳糜泻。他说:“我希望医生能留心乳糜泻作为一种常见的食物不耐受,应该不仅在有腹泻和消化不良的患者中调查,也应该在有其他症状的患者中纳入考量。无谷蛋白饮食治疗提升了有症状患者的生活质量并预防了所有乳糜泻患者,包括无症状者的并发症。”

原始出处:

Volta U, Caio G, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R.The changing clinical profile of celiac disease: a 15-year experience (1998-2012) in an Italian referral center.BMC Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov 18;14:194. doi: 10.1186/s12876-014-0194-x.

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    2015-03-14 许安
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    2015-05-15 yaanren
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