Baidu
map

胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家共识2013

2013-04-05 MedSci MedSci原创

    近年来,随着相关临床证据的不断积累,胆汁淤积性肝病的诊断治疗取得迅速进展。近期,胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家委员会基于目前胆汁淤积性肝病的诊断治疗最新成果,遵照循证医学的原则,对2009年版《胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家共识》的部分内容进行了更新。医脉通肝病科整理了《胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家共识2013》的相关推荐内容,以飨读者,共识全文可供免费下载阅读。 胆汁

    近年来,随着相关临床证据的不断积累,胆汁淤积性肝病的诊断治疗取得迅速进展。近期,胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家委员会基于目前胆汁淤积性肝病的诊断治疗最新成果,遵照循证医学的原则,对2009年版《胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家共识》的部分内容进行了更新。医脉通肝病科整理了《胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家共识2013》的相关推荐内容,以飨读者,共识全文可供免费下载阅读。
胆汁淤积性肝病的诊断意见 
    推荐:①详细的病史和体格检查是重要的(Ⅲ);②超声、CT是鉴别肝内、肝外胆汁淤积的一线无创性成像方法(Ⅲ);③对于慢性肝内胆汁淤积的成人患者血清 AMA检测是必需的(Ⅲ);④MRCP、EUS、ERCP肝组织活检等是可以考虑的更进一步检查(Ⅱ)。
常见胆汁淤积性肝病的治疗
原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)
 
    推荐:①PBC患者,包括无症状患者,应使用UDCA[13~15 mg/(kg·d)](Ⅰ)长期治疗(Ⅱ);②在疾病早期患者和生物化学应答良好的患者,可观察到UDCA良好的长期效果(Ⅱ);这种生物化学应答应在治疗1年后评估(Ⅱ);③对于如何治疗对UDCA生化学应答欠佳的患者,目前还没有达成共识(Ⅲ);④除外其他原因,表现为血清胆红素水平超过6 mg/dl(dl(103 μmol/L)的疾病晚期患者或生活质量不能耐受的失代偿期肝硬化患者,或由于难治性腹水和自发性细菌性腹膜炎、反复静脉曲张破裂出血、肝性脑病或肝细胞癌而预期寿命短于1年的患者,应强烈建议行肝移植术(Ⅱ);⑤AMA阴性PBC的诊断需要肝组织活检证实有PBC典型的胆管损害特点,与AMA阳性PBC 相比对UDCA的生化反应无显著差别(Ⅲ)。
原发性胆汁性肝硬化-自身免疫性肝炎(PBC-AIH)重叠综合征 
    推荐:①关于PBC-AIH重叠综合征的标准化诊断标准仍未确定。现有的诊断标准供参考(Ⅱ);②一旦确诊PBC,就应当考虑是否存在PBC-AIH重叠综合征,因为对治疗方案存在重要影响(Ⅱ);③对PBC-AIH重叠综合征患者,联合应用UDCA和糖皮质激素是推荐治疗观点(Ⅱ),另一可选方案是:开始单独使用UDCA治疗,在一个适当的时间(如3个月时),若未出现理想的生化应答,可以加用糖皮质激素(Ⅱ)。对于需要长期治疗患者,应当考虑小剂量类固醇治疗(Ⅲ)。
原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC) 
    推荐:①有胆汁淤积生化学特征的患者行MRC或ERCP胆管造影明确PSC诊断,MRC或ERCP正常的患者推荐肝组织活检以诊断小胆管 PSC(Ⅰ);②血清胆红素升高和(或)瘙痒加重伴有进行性胆管扩张和(或)胆管炎的患者,建议立即行ERCP以除外显著狭窄。胆管显著狭窄的患者,建议内窥镜扩张或放置支架,对于内窥镜治疗不成功应考虑经皮胆管造影扩张胆道或放置支架(Ⅱ);③内窥镜和(或)经皮治疗效果不理想的显著狭窄患者如无肝硬化,建议行手术治疗(Ⅱ);④肝移植在晚期PSC患者中可推荐(Ⅱ),而且在有胆管细胞不典型增生证据的患者或严重复发性细菌性胆管炎时都应当考虑(Ⅱ)。
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP) 
    推荐:⑴ICP的诊断依据:①妊娠期的瘙痒;②血清ALT升高,血清血甘胆酸或总胆汁酸升高;③排除其他导致肝功能异常或瘙痒的疾病(Ⅱ)。分娩后肝功能恢复正常有助于ICP的诊断。⑵UDCA可减轻瘙痒症状,改善肝功能(Ⅰ),可用于妊娠中晚期有症状的患者(Ⅰ)但无足够证据表明可以减少胎儿的并发症(Ⅱ)。⑶SAMe可以降低剖宫产率,延长孕周,改善肝脏生化指标(Ⅰ),尚未发现对胎儿的不良反应和对新生儿的远期不良影响(Ⅲ)。⑷地塞米松在改善症状和生化指标、改善妊娠结局方面疗效不确切,主要应用在妊娠34周前,估计在7天之内可能发生早产的ICP患者,或病情严重需计划终止妊娠的促胎肺成熟(Ⅲ)。⑸强调治疗过程中加强胎儿监护,把握终止妊娠时机(Ⅲ)。
药物性胆汁淤积性肝病 
    推荐:①药物几乎可以引起所有类型的肝损伤,其中20%~25%为胆汁淤积型肝损伤,其特点为AKP > 2 × ULN或R值(R为ALT/ULN与AKP/ULN的比值)≤ 2,预后相对良好(Ⅰ);②治疗关键是停用和防止重新给予引起肝损伤的药物、属于同一生化家族的药物,多数患者停药后可逐渐恢复(Ⅲ);③治疗用药应尽量简化,SAMe治疗药物性肝损伤疗效确切(Ⅰ),其他药物可选择UDCA、多稀磷脂酰胆碱等(Ⅱ)。对于免疫介导的药物性胆汁淤积,可以考虑使用皮质激素治疗(Ⅲ)。
各型病毒性肝炎所致胆汁淤积性肝病 
    推荐:①各型病毒感染均可引起胆汁淤积型肝炎,成人以HBV、HEV为主,长期重度黄疸不退提示预后不良(Ⅲ);②治疗上可选用SAMe、UDCA以及中西医结合治疗(Ⅱ);③在排除禁忌证情况下,可短程使用肾上腺皮质激素,但要密切监测其不良反应(Ⅲ)。
酒精性肝病合并胆汁淤积 
    推荐:①慢性酒精性肝病合并肝内胆汁淤积提示预后不良(Ⅱ);②戒酒是酒精性肝病最主要的治疗措施,同时应重视营养支持治疗(Ⅲ);③腺苷蛋氨酸可以改善酒精性淤胆性肝病的的临床症状和生化指标,长期治疗可延长生存期或延迟肝移植(Ⅰ),多烯磷脂酰胆碱对酒精性肝病患者有防止组织学恶化的趋势(Ⅰ),甘草酸制剂,水飞蓟素类、多烯磷脂酰胆碱和还原型谷胱甘肽等药物有不同程度的抗氧化,抗感染、保护肝细胞膜及细胞器等作用,临床应用可改善肝脏生物化学指标(Ⅱ);④合并胆汁淤积的重症病例,如果MDF评分> 32,且排除胃肠道出血、细菌感染等激素禁忌证,推荐使用肾上腺皮质激素治疗(Ⅰ)。

指南下载:2013胆汁淤积性肝病诊断治疗专家共识.pdf

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688898, encodeId=7ee816888982e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b223834816e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁淤积#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83481, encryptionId=b223834816e, topicName=胆汁淤积)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d89928680706, createdName=紫砂壶, createdTime=Fri Jun 28 14:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844398, encodeId=22e618443983c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Nov 02 10:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1423611, encodeId=9f5e142361185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ece91631bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91631, encryptionId=9ece91631bd, topicName=诊断治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5afb3820115, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1579132, encodeId=9f1e15e91329a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=372b834e673' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83476, encryptionId=372b834e673, topicName=胆汁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a0616505872, createdName=108807375_62823132, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688898, encodeId=7ee816888982e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b223834816e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁淤积#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83481, encryptionId=b223834816e, topicName=胆汁淤积)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d89928680706, createdName=紫砂壶, createdTime=Fri Jun 28 14:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844398, encodeId=22e618443983c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Nov 02 10:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1423611, encodeId=9f5e142361185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ece91631bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91631, encryptionId=9ece91631bd, topicName=诊断治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5afb3820115, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1579132, encodeId=9f1e15e91329a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=372b834e673' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83476, encryptionId=372b834e673, topicName=胆汁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a0616505872, createdName=108807375_62823132, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688898, encodeId=7ee816888982e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b223834816e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁淤积#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83481, encryptionId=b223834816e, topicName=胆汁淤积)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d89928680706, createdName=紫砂壶, createdTime=Fri Jun 28 14:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844398, encodeId=22e618443983c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Nov 02 10:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1423611, encodeId=9f5e142361185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ece91631bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91631, encryptionId=9ece91631bd, topicName=诊断治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5afb3820115, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1579132, encodeId=9f1e15e91329a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=372b834e673' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83476, encryptionId=372b834e673, topicName=胆汁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a0616505872, createdName=108807375_62823132, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688898, encodeId=7ee816888982e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b223834816e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁淤积#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83481, encryptionId=b223834816e, topicName=胆汁淤积)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d89928680706, createdName=紫砂壶, createdTime=Fri Jun 28 14:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844398, encodeId=22e618443983c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Sat Nov 02 10:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1423611, encodeId=9f5e142361185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ece91631bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91631, encryptionId=9ece91631bd, topicName=诊断治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5afb3820115, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1579132, encodeId=9f1e15e91329a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=372b834e673' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胆汁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83476, encryptionId=372b834e673, topicName=胆汁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a0616505872, createdName=108807375_62823132, createdTime=Sun Apr 07 12:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map