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Cell:科学家提出肿瘤细胞“干细胞指数”概念 未来有望开发出抑制癌症进展的新疗法

2018-04-12 佚名 “细胞”微信号

日前,一项刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究报告中,来自圣保罗大学等机构的研究人员通过研究开发出了一种新型的索引模式,其能为癌症患者的预后提供相关信息,同时也能帮助指导癌症患者采用更加合适的疗法进行治疗,并且鉴别出开发新药的靶点。文章中,研究人员利用人工智能算法对来自33种不同类型肿瘤的1.2万份样本的基因组数据进行分析,阐明了癌症进展的分子机制。

日前,一项刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究报告中,来自圣保罗大学等机构的研究人员通过研究开发出了一种新型的索引模式,其能为癌症患者的预后提供相关信息,同时也能帮助指导癌症患者采用更加合适的疗法进行治疗,并且鉴别出开发新药的靶点。文章中,研究人员利用人工智能算法对来自33种不同类型肿瘤的1.2万份样本的基因组数据进行分析,阐明了癌症进展的分子机制。

研究者Houtan Noushmehr表示,这项研究中所用的方法学是生物医学研究新趋势的一部分,旨在利用当前大量的分子生物学数据来帮助科学家们深入研究;然而当前研究人员所面临的挑战就是如何管理、解释并且分析不同类别的数据,这就需要研究人员将生物学、计算机科学和统计学数据进行有效整合。

此前研究中,研究人员通过研究鉴别出了脑瘤的重要基因组学特征,研究者认为,这种新型索引模式(index)的开发未来有望在临床中作为辅助的方法来帮助研究人员针对不同患者和肿瘤类型选择最合适的疗法。目前大家都认为,健康细胞接受转化形成的生长中的肿瘤包含以下两种特征,即缺少它们所拥有的的特征,并会以一种无序的方式进行繁殖;这个过程也可以被认为是专门的缺失,肿瘤细胞会不断逐渐分化开来,一般情况下,癌症干细胞亚群会驱动肿瘤的生长,而研究人员所提出的“具备干细胞指数”(stemness indices)就能提供一种测量方法来指示有多少肿瘤细胞会与干细胞一样。

肿瘤细胞与干细胞具有一定的相似性,这项研究中,研究人员利用机器学习算法来检测并对健康干细胞及衍生细胞的分子特性进行分类,这种软件能在细胞分化的不同阶段对数千个细胞进行分析,从而鉴别出干细胞所拥有的典型分子特性,随后研究人员根据基因表达和DNA甲基化特性开发出了两种独立的具备干细胞相似性的指数,这些指数的范围从0至1,当其为0时意味着与干细胞相似度较低,而为1时则意味着与干细胞的相似度较高。

在过去10几年里,从事癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)研究的科学家们发现并且储存了多个肿瘤遗传和表观遗传学改变,利用干细胞指数,研究人员或许就能够检测TCGA中样本所具备的干细胞指数程度。研究者所描述的“干细胞指数”能帮助他们阐明肿瘤进行脱分化的途径,较高的指数似乎与多种类型癌症的进展程度直接相关;研究者发现,转移性肿瘤常常与干细胞具有较高的相似度,此外,这种指数还能帮助研究者有效鉴别出抗癌药物的新型靶点,从而就能帮助研究人员开发出新型疗法来抑制肿瘤不断进展。

原始出处:

Tathiane M. Malta, et al.Machine Learning Identifies Stemness Features Associated with Oncogenic Dedifferentiation.Cell.2018 Apr 5;173(2):338-354.e15.

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    2019-03-10 维他命
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    2018-04-25 祝您健康

    希望梦想成真.服务广大患者!

    0

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    2018-04-16 飘飘爱

    很好

    0

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    2018-04-14 kcb074

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