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Clin Microbiol Infect:天然免疫力及疫苗诱导的免疫力均能大幅降低戊肝风险

2013-10-31 袋鼠0405 dxy

研究要点1.免疫力保护人们免受戊肝的危害 2.性别、年龄等因素对免疫力影响很小 3.天然免疫力、疫苗诱导的免疫力均能大幅降低戊肝感染风险人类通过感染或者接种疫苗获得免疫力,从而免受戊型肝炎的危害。然而,这种感染戊肝的危害是否是因为免疫力下降,还不清楚。基于此,研究人员对12,409名参试者展开了为期2年的随访,这些参试者随机接受戊肝疫苗Hecolin&Reg或安慰剂,并

研究要点

1.免疫力保护人们免受戊肝的危害
 
2.性别、年龄等因素对免疫力影响很小
 
3.天然免疫力、疫苗诱导的免疫力均能大幅降低戊肝感染风险

人类通过感染或者接种疫苗获得免疫力,从而免受戊型肝炎的危害。然而,这种感染戊肝的危害是否是因为免疫力下降,还不清楚。基于此,研究人员对12,409名参试者展开了为期2年的随访,这些参试者随机接受戊肝疫苗Hecolin&Reg或安慰剂,并接受血清学指标检测。【原文下载

近一半(47%)的参与者最初显示血清反应阳性。经抗HEV水平升高大于等于四倍或血清抗体阳性证实,在三次治疗的患者中,共有139人发生了感染。基线血清阴性对照组参与者感染风险是最高的(2.04%)。预存免疫性和疫苗带来的免疫力均能有效降低患病风险,分别下降至0.52% 和0.30%。

总之,不论是疫苗所引起的,还是天然获得性的免疫力均能有效预防戊肝感染。

研究背景

戊型肝炎病毒是全球发生急性肝炎的主要原因,对于器官移植者、艾滋病感染者和其他免疫功能底下的个体而言,通常又与慢性肝损伤相联系。在亚洲、非洲、拉美洲等发展中国家,戊肝也是公认的一种主要疾病负担,然而在发达国家,当地获得性戊肝也受到越来越多的重视。

尽管防止有症状的感染是免疫的主要目标,但是有效预防无症状性戊肝感染在以下几个高危人群中仍是至关重要的。首先是孕妇,她们的死亡率高达30%,且会对产妇、胎儿造成不良影响。另一人群是那些有着潜在慢性肝病的患者,戊肝的反复感染会大大加重这一人群的死亡率。第三种人是免疫力受抑制者,例如化疗患者、器官移植者或是艾滋病携带者,因为这些患者一旦感染上戊肝,会导致慢性肝损伤。

通过限制病毒的传播,能有效预防戊肝感染,对公共卫生的控制也极其重要,尤其在那些几乎都是单一戊肝感染者的高发地区。研究显示,两种候选疫苗对症状性戊肝感染是安全有效的。流行病学数据证实,那些天然获得的抗HEV抗体,能使人们免受严重戊肝感染的危害。

然而,这种感染戊肝的危害是否是因为免疫力下降,还不清楚。该研究中,为了建立队列的基准免疫力水平,并决定这种对抗戊肝感染的保护究竟是源于天然免疫力还是后天的疫苗注射,研究者对3期效力进行追踪观察,血清样本来自先前效力研究的较大队列的亚群,并在疫苗注射后的不同时期进行采样。

原文出处

Zhang J, Zhang XF, Zhou C, Wang ZZ, Huang SJ, Yao X, Liang ZL, Wu T, Li JX, Yan Q, Yang CL, Jiang HM, Huang HJ, Xian YL, Shih JW, Ng MH, Li YM, Wang JZ, Zhu FC, Xia NS.Protection against hepatitis E virus infection by naturally acquired and vaccine induced immunity.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Oct 5.【原文下载

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    2014-03-15 sunylz
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    2014-09-04 xjy02
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