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JNNP:脊髓延髓肌萎缩症中分裂手运动轴突过度兴奋

2020-09-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

“分裂手”征是指肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)

“分裂手”征是指肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)常见临床症状。脊髓延髓性肌萎缩症(SBMA)是一种罕见的成人发作和遗传性运动神经元疾病,其遗传基础与X染色体上雄激素受体(AR)基因的三联体(CAG)重复扩增有关。肌肉痉挛和束状肌是SBMA的临床症状,与运动神经过度兴奋有关  。本文旨在研究皮质运动神经元完整的脊柱延髓肌萎缩症(SBMA)中分裂手运动轴突的兴奋性。

方法:35名接受SBMA治疗且未接受醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗的患者。 在所有这些患者中,AR基因的第一个外显子中都有一个扩展的CAG三核苷酸重复序列。35位SBMA患者和55位ALS患者以及45位年龄匹配的健康受试者中进行了神经兴奋性测试。 使用计算机程序(英国伦敦神经学研究所)在腕部正中神经中进行多次神经兴奋性测量。在腕部正中神经刺激后从APB肌肉记录CMAP。强度持续时间常数(SDTC)由刺激强度与持续时间之间的关系计算得出,以引起目标CMAP振幅,采用Weiss公式。记录最大CMAP振幅的40%的电流作为阈值。

结果:ALS的平均检查年龄较高(p <0.001),而所有SBMA患者均是男性。疾病控制中男性患者的比例大于正常人(p <0.001)。 SBMA和ALS患者的ALSFRS-R评分相似。 ALS患者的病程比SBMA患者短。SBMA中所有三块肌肉的CMAP振幅均低于正常人(所有,p <0.001),但与ALS相当,而神经肌肉疾病对照组的CMAP振幅显示出适度的下降。在57%的SBMA患者,62%的ALS和0%的普通人中发现手裂临床症状。在SBMA中,分析了肌肉中神经兴奋性和CMAP振幅之间的关系。兴奋性指数与CMAP幅度之间无显著相关性,表明神经兴奋性改变普遍存在,而与CMAP幅度和疾病阶段无关。

结果表明,使用定量CMAP分析,不仅在ALS中而且在SBMA患者中也经常发现手裂,这表明这两种疾病具有运动神经元死亡的相同病理生理学。
 

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