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Nature:致命性脑癌的创新性治疗方案

2014-02-24 佚名 生物360

DNA 密码可比作是一个长度为 30 亿个碱基的指令集,指导细胞该如何运作。在这个比喻里,大多数的癌症都是由于单词拼写错误:一些单词被添加或删除,或是书中的某些章节整个被添加或删除所引起。 日前,来自加拿大多伦多大学的研究人员在《自然》(Nature)杂志上报告称,他们发现了一种可有效地靶向以往难以治疗的儿童脑癌形式:室管膜瘤(ependymoma)的创新性新方法。这项研究表明,表观遗传是这种癌

DNA 密码可比作是一个长度为 30 亿个碱基的指令集,指导细胞该如何运作。在这个比喻里,大多数的癌症都是由于单词拼写错误:一些单词被添加或删除,或是书中的某些章节整个被添加或删除所引起。

日前,来自加拿大多伦多大学的研究人员在《自然》(Nature)杂志上报告称,他们发现了一种可有效地靶向以往难以治疗的儿童脑癌形式:室管膜瘤(ependymoma)的创新性新方法。这项研究表明,表观遗传是这种癌症的主要原因,一些获得 FDA 批准的药物可以靶向这一机制。

论文资深作者、多伦多大学教授 Michael Taylor 表示:“当我们观测室管膜瘤时,没有找到任何错误拼写的单词,删除或复制的单词,或是缺失的章节。相反,我们发现整本小说都是以一种错误的字体编写, DNA 被错误地包装。尽管已知表观遗传在癌症中起作用,这是第一证实表观遗传是癌症的主要驱动因子。”

室管膜瘤是第三大最常见的儿童脑瘤,确诊为室管膜瘤无疑是一场灾难。由于化疗无效,尽管这些婴儿和幼儿接受了手术和放疗,癌症往往会复发。令人印象深刻的是,有些已获得 FDA 批准的药物能够改变这种癌症的表观遗传。Taylor 教授表示:“通常当你获得新研究发现时你必须生成一种新药,但现在已有一些药物可以改变这一字体。在这种情况下,这些药物就相当于微软代码‘选择所有并切换到新罗马字体’。”

该研究小组的成功很大程度上取决于他们能够培养并研究来自这些罕见肿瘤的细胞。将患者的肿瘤从手术室拿出后,细胞被送至本论文作者之一的 Peter Dirks 实验室在一种特殊条件下培养。这一过程非常的高效,到孩子从手术中康复过来时,研究小组已对这些细胞进行了检测,知道了一种特异的药物能够起作用。

Dirks 教授表示:“我认为这就是该项目如此令人兴奋之处。 Taylor 和Steve Mack(论文第一作者)获得了关于这一肿瘤的基础发现,我们就能够结合我们专业知识来培养这些活细胞,看看靶向 DNA 包装是否真的有希望。”

研究小组乐观地认为,这将给罹患室管膜瘤的儿童带来希望。 Taylor 表示:“我们希望这将是一种有效的治疗方法。我们的药物通常无法治愈这一疾病,但有多重药物可以攻击这一相同的机制。即便我们不能治愈它,也可以利用这种药物使得这一疾病变成像糖尿病一样的可治疗疾病。”如果该研究小组获得资金资助,只需 3-5 年就可以完成临床试验。

原始出处:

S. C. Mack, H. Witt, R. M. Piro, L. Gu, S. Zuyderduyn, A. M. Stütz, X. Wang, M. Gallo, L. Garzia, K. Zayne, X. Zhang, V. Ramaswamy, N. Jäger, D. T. W. Jones, M. Sill, T. J. Pugh, M. Ryzhova, K. M. Wani, D. J. H. Shih, R. Head, M. Remke, S. D. Bailey, T. Zichner, C. C. Faria, M. Barszczyk, S. Stark, H. Seker-Cin, S. Hutter, P. Johann, S. Bender, V. Hovestadt, T. Tzaridis, A. M. Dubuc, P. A. Northcott, J. Peacock, K. C. Bertrand, S. Agnihotri, F. M. G. Cavalli, I. Clarke, K. Nethery-Brokx, C. L. Creasy, S. K. Verma, J. Koster, X. Wu, Y. Yao, T. Milde, P. Sin-Chan, J. Zuccaro, L. Lau, S. Pereira, P. Castelo-Branco, M. Hirst, M. A. Marra, S. S. Roberts, D. Fults, L. Massimi, Y. J. Cho, T. Van Meter, W. Grajkowska, B. Lach, A. E. Kulozik, A. von Deimling, O. Witt, S. W. Scherer, X. Fan, K. M. Muraszko, M. Kool, S. L. Pomeroy, N. Gupta, J. Phillips, A. Huang, U. Tabori, C. Hawkins, D. Malkin, P. N. Kongkham, W. A. Weiss, N. Jabado, J. T. Rutka, E. Bouffet, J. O. Korbel, M. Lupien, K. D. Aldape, G. D. Bader, R. Eils, P. Lichter, P. B. Dirks, S. M. Pfister, A. Korshunov& M. D. Taylor. Epigenomic alterations define lethal CIMP-positive ependymomas of infancy. Nature, 19 February 2014; doi:10.1038/nature13108

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