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Cell Metab:每天3分钟,效果堪比健身房运动2-3小时(附实例)

2017-04-03 佚名 e药环球

运动分很多类型,有的人喜欢跑步,有的人喜欢举铁,有的人喜欢瑜伽,而近几年一项新的运动悄然流行起来,它叫做高强度间歇训练——简称HIIT。



运动分很多类型,有的人喜欢跑步,有的人喜欢举铁,有的人喜欢瑜伽,而近几年一项新的运动悄然流行起来,它叫做高强度间歇训练——简称HIIT。

这是个啥运动?

简单来说,HIIT是一种高强度短期爆发训练和低强度恢复期交叉的运动。举个例子,比如一种叫做“冲刺间歇训练法(sprint interval training method)”的HIIT就是尽全力冲刺30秒然后低强度恢复4-4.5分钟,重复3-5次。可以选择跑步、室内自行车、游泳等任何运动进行HIIT训练。

HIIT为啥这么火?

美国运动医学院(ACSM)指出,HIIT可以提高对有氧和无氧运动的耐力、改善血压、血管功能、胰岛素敏感性、胆固醇指数、并在保持肌肉的同时成为刷脂“神器”。而且它可以通过调节强度、时间等让任何水平的锻炼者都适应,包括超重和糖尿病患者。更有吸引力的是,它大大缩短了总体运动的时间,非常适合工作忙碌的人,但可以达到几乎跟长时间耐力锻炼等同的效果。

我们稍后会用BBC拍摄的实例讲解HIIT的具体好处,你会发现这种运动几乎颠覆了你对锻炼的理解。

HIIT还能抗衰老?

最近一项来自美国顶级医院梅奥诊所的研究又给HIIT“颁了一枚奖章”,他们发现HIIT还可以逆转细胞产能下降的能力。

在给两组不同年龄段的受试者(一组18-30岁,一组65-80岁)进行了三个月的不同训练后,研究者收集了他们的肌肉组织检测不同训练项目对肌肉的影响。他们发现,在老年受试者中HIIT提高了线粒体的产能能力69%,在年轻受试者中提高了49%。

线粒体的产能能力是随着年龄增长下降的,导致的后果就是加剧肌肉疲劳,并减少肌肉燃烧过多血糖的能力——增加糖尿病的风险。但在这项研究中,这种下降几乎被HIIT逆转。“经过三个月的间歇训练,一切都趋向于我们在年轻人中看到的,”文章通讯作者K. Sreekumaran Nair医生说。

除了对线粒体产能能力的改善外,HIIT还增加了受试者的耗氧量(老年组增加17%,年轻组增加28%),而这些结果在只进行力量训练的受试者中没有看到。Nair医生建议,进行包括HIIT和力量训练在内的组合训练可以获得这两种运动所带来的好处。

BBC实例

最后我们为大家奉上BBC的实例,看看有没有颠覆你对锻炼的理解。主持人Mike一直想弄明白我们究竟应该做多少运动,为啥。

Mike决定做几个实验,弄清锻炼的秘密。在第一个实验中,Mike以10公里时速慢跑1小时只消耗了960千卡热量,没有达到他的预期。

运动后的一顿加餐就补给了约880千卡的热量——他几乎白跑了。

慢跑、快走等低强度耐力运动虽然对健康有益,但消耗的热量却很有限。在第二个实验中,Mike先被送去吃了一顿丰盛的英式早餐。

4个小时后,Milke进行抽血化验。结果使他大吃一惊:这顿早餐让他血液中的脂肪含量增加了1倍。而且这种脂肪很容易形成血管脂肪壁,非常不利于心脏健康。

随后Mike去医院进行磁共振扫描,结果又让他震惊了。他是哪种看上不胖,但内脏脂肪很多的人,这种脂肪对人体的危害很大。

为了消耗掉那些脂肪,Milk晚饭后整整走了90分钟。

第二天,同样的一顿早餐,但血样里的脂肪含量比前一天减少了1/3。

这是因为人在运动的时候会激发出一种酶,在消耗脂肪的同时也阻止脂肪进入血液,降低血脂。但显然每天进行90分钟的散步多很多人都不现实。

Mike又进行了第三项实验:进行HIIT。Mike以极限速度骑车20秒,然后短暂休息,重复3组,每周做3次。

而结果证明,这种方法的效果等同于每周在健身房锻炼2-3小时!因为高强度的运动能分解肌肉的糖原储备,这会让肌肉吸收更多的血糖。而且散步或慢跑只能调动20%-30%的肌肉,而HIIT可以调动70%-80%,启动了大量的协调机制。

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    2017-08-12 维他命
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    2017-08-01 一闲
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    2018-02-25 guojianrong
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869846, encodeId=bbf51869846d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri May 12 14:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960105, encodeId=4d8e1960105b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Aug 12 08:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896012, encodeId=ea0518960129f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 12:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887604, encodeId=40ae188e60462, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sun Feb 25 21:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185383, encodeId=415318538314, content=会不会增加猝死的概率?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuHfSLw3PzIKiaSnTBUuAtRkrrxWpibukl35iciaGtBq4LYQv4ian1tPC3IdmzWI2dZ3cDC8wUg5CnBxlJ/0, createdBy=33a51675735, createdName=jiangxianchen, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 21:11:39 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185329, encodeId=0ab6185329f3, content=这篇文章对我有用,值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 13:44:29 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-05 jiangxianchen

    会不会增加猝死的概率?

    0

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    2017-04-05 虈亣靌

    这篇文章对我有用,值得收藏!

    0

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