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三腔导尿管应用于产后直肠阴道瘘修补术后1例

2018-03-22 佚名 实用妇产科杂志

患者,21岁,因产后8天,外阴疼痛2天,于2017年1月13日在我院就诊。

【一般资料】

患者,21岁

【主诉】

因产后8天,外阴疼痛2天,于2017年1月13日在我院就诊。

【现病史】

患者于2017年1月5日孕4l+1周时行缩宫素引产,产程进展顺利,当日在会阴侧切下助娩一体质量2960g男婴,产时缝合会阴切口后肛诊未发现异常。产后3天体温无异常,会阴切口干洁予以出院。2017年1月11日患者出现大便后外阴疼痛,发现会阴切口有裂口。平素月经规则,15岁初潮,经期5天,周期30天,经量中等,无痛经史,G1P1。

【体格检查】

入院查体发现产妇大便经阴道切口排出,妇科检查:会阴体短,肛门外括约肌部分断裂;左侧阴道瘘口大小1.5cm,距离处女膜缘约3cm处,检查过程中见粪便溢出;肛查发现直肠破口2cm。

【初步诊断

直肠阴道瘘;顺产后。

【治疗】

术前5天流质无渣饮食,深静脉穿刺予以脂肪乳、氨基酸、葡萄糖注射液肠外营养支持,抗菌药物静脉输注抗感染治疗,碘伏擦洗阴道(每天2次)。术前2天予以禁食、口服肠道抗菌药物,口服硫酸镁清洁肠道。因患者及家属强烈要求尽快手术,遂于2017年1月18日行直肠阴道瘘修补术+会阴切口缝合术。手术方法:良好暴露阴道后壁瘘口,术者一手食指置于肛门内将瘘口轻轻顶起。以组织钳牵引瘘口阴道壁,用镰刀型刀片向瘘口四周离心分离阴道黏膜及直肠壁约1am。用1号丝线沿瘘口边缘做间断褥式缝合,再用1号丝线间断包埋缝合阴道黏膜下结缔组织,加固瘘口阴道侧。用3一0可吸收线间断缝合阴道黏膜,阴道填塞碘伏纱布卷。术后3天禁食,口服咯哌丁胺抑制肠蠕动,广谱抗菌药物预防感染,补液支持治疗,每日会阴切口消毒、l:5000高锰酸钾坐浴,阴道内壁、直肠内壁涂抹克林霉素利多卡因凝胶抑菌治疗。术后第5天,发现阴道内有极少量黄绿色水样液体。在甘油清洁灌肠后,术后第8天于直肠内距离肛门口约15em处放置两根三腔导尿管,见图1,A导尿管起引流作用,B导尿管起冲洗+引流作用,均接防逆流引流袋。通过引流管向B导尿管注入碘伏冲洗直肠(2次/日),保持伤口清洁,每日定时从3、9管抽出液体,排空A、B导尿管的小囊15分钟,以减少两导尿管水囊压力,以免长期压迫直肠引起血供差,导致肠壁坏死,同时于阴道内壁、直肠内壁涂抹克林霉素利多卡因凝胶抑菌治疗。留置11天后,拔除导尿管,改流质饮食。2017年2月11日会阴伤口拆线,切口愈合可,未见明显渗出,于2017年2月17日出院。2017年3月18日复诊,患者能正常排便,阴道内无排气及排便,直肠指诊、阴道窥器等检查直肠阴道瘘愈合好,无阴道狭窄等体征。A导尿管:1.导尿管头端,引流作用;2.水囊;3.形成水囊的管腔;4.引流管;5.引流管;6.防逆流引流袋B导尿管:7.导尿管头端,引流作用;8.水囊;9.形成水囊的管腔;10.引流管;11.引流管,同时起冲洗作用;12.防逆流引流袋;13.瘘口位置(距离肛门口4cm)图1三腔导尿管双重阻隔肠腔示意图

【讨论】

直肠阴道瘘是指直肠前壁与阴道后壁之间的病理性通道,表现为粪便不断从阴道流出、阴道排气,炎症和刺激引起全身症状及性功能障碍。根据病因可分为先天性和后天性两种。先天性直肠阴道瘘是先天性直肠肛门畸形的一种,后天性直肠阴道瘘多由医源性因素所致。一旦发生,导致患者难言的病痛,生活质量下降,特别容易引起医疗纠纷。一般直肠阴道瘘的主要原因是产时会阴切口与会阴体中线的角度过小,切口较长,累及肛门外括约肌,修补会阴切口时缝针及线可能穿透直肠黏膜未及时发现,而引起直肠阴道瘘。助产师应熟练掌握助产技术,避免会阴和阴道的撕裂,如发生裂伤,需要仔细认清解剖关系,将组织对合整齐,缝合完毕,应常规做一次直肠指检,如发现肠线误缝入直肠内立即拆除重缝,以减少直肠阴道瘘的发生。产后如出现阴道有排气、漏大便等症状,说明有直肠阴道瘘形成,一般处理的原则如下:无论时间长短、不宜马上行瘘口修补术,因组织炎症、水肿,瘘口很难修复愈合;创伤性和医源性直肠阴道瘘有自动愈合倾向,若不能愈合,则任其自然形成陈旧性直肠阴道瘘,3~6月后再行直肠阴道瘘修补术。因为继发感染、反复手术等原因导致手术修补难度增大,手术修复成功率相对较低胆J。查阅文献,未见有导尿管或引流管用于直肠阴道瘘术后的病例报道。此患者在产后8天发现直肠阴道瘘,由于患者家属强烈要求尽快修补,故于产后13天行直肠阴道瘘修补术,但在直肠阴道瘘修补术后5天发现阴道内可疑粪液。于是术后第8天在直肠内放置两根三腔导尿管,一根导尿管主要起引流作用,将直肠内粪液及分泌物避开伤口直接引流出体外,另一根导尿管起引流加冲洗作用,保持肠道清洁,避免伤口感染,加速伤口愈合。本例病例提示我们,如果是在修补术后当天即放置三腔导尿管,理论上可能缩短愈合时间,减少患者不良情绪,避免医患纠纷。另外,直肠阴道瘘修补术前、术后的管理至关重要。此患者术前充分肠道准备,清洁灌肠;手术时严格消毒肠道和阴道;术后口服咯哌丁胺抑制肠蠕动,禁食等减少大便形成,同时足够肠外营养支持,抗生素预防感染,会阴、阴道及直肠的严格局部清洁擦洗、涂药,均促进了瘘口愈合。直肠内有大量的细菌滋生、直肠相对于阴道属于高压区,过早排便会使直肠早期就处于高压高张状态,对瘘孔愈合有不利影响。也有报道是修补术后放置肛管3天,联合抑制肠蠕动的药物使用,推迟术后粪便形成,使直肠空虚。通过本病例,是否可以应用此方案来替代,我们将进一步探索。对于单纯性直肠阴道瘘,三腔导尿管的置入,有效地避免了直肠细菌、粪液对伤口的感染,同时加强直肠及阴道的消毒,对伤口快速愈合起到至关重要的作用。此操作简单,能在短时间内促进瘘口愈合,尽量减少了医疗纠纷产生,对于瘘口直径<2.5cm的中低位直肠阴道瘘,值得一试。

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    2018-03-23 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习.

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    2018-03-22 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习.

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1545601, encodeId=4c79154560168, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3afb466990c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#导尿管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46699, encryptionId=3afb466990c, topicName=导尿管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e39a13780945, createdName=12498b3em12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Mar 24 07:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298769, encodeId=035c298e6961, content=学习学习学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Fri Mar 23 00:07:02 CST 2018, time=2018-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298683, encodeId=c7c2298683f4, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Thu Mar 22 19:44:54 CST 2018, time=2018-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298666, encodeId=ad86298666d7, content=学习学习学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Thu Mar 22 17:30:37 CST 2018, time=2018-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298659, encodeId=ebbd298659dd, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 22 16:49:52 CST 2018, time=2018-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-22 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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