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Cell:改写教科书!饱食感竟源于棕色脂肪!减肥可以这样做!

2018-11-18 Ruthy,Zoe 转化医学网

近日,德国慕尼黑工业大学的Martin Klingenspor等人发现促胰液素激活的棕色脂肪组织可通过介导进食产热来调控饱食感,揭示了肠道-棕色脂肪组织-脑轴的摄食调控新通路,他们指出,正是“棕色脂肪”,拉住了你伸向食物的手!

肥胖问题是世界各国都面临的严重问题,我国大城市中超重和肥胖者达30%以上,还有大批高血脂、高血糖的慢性病患者需要控制自己的饮食能量,让他们在尽量低食物能量的情况下获得饱食感是控制这一人群数量的有效措施。想要获得饱食感,就得先知道,饱食感从何而来。近日,德国慕尼黑工业大学的Martin Klingenspor等人发现促胰液素激活的棕色脂肪组织可通过介导进食产热来调控饱食感,揭示了肠道-棕色脂肪组织-脑轴的摄食调控新通路,他们指出,正是“棕色脂肪”,拉住了你伸向食物的手!



我们知道,人的饱食感是由人脑调节控制的。在人的下丘脑中,有控制食欲的神经中枢,其中饱腹中枢的刺激物质是葡萄糖。当吃完饭后,血中的葡萄糖增多,饱腹中枢可因受到刺激而兴奋,人就产生了饱食感,不想再吃了。

这是传统观念里饱食感的由来,然而现实生活中,一些高蛋白、高脂、低糖的食物往往更容易带来饱食感,蛋白质和脂肪向葡萄糖的转化需要时间,那么,这即时的饱食感从何而来呢?这就要归功于脂肪组织中的“异类”—棕色脂肪组织了。研究人员指出,棕色脂肪组织也是饱食感的重要由来。

人和哺乳动物体内的脂肪组织可分为白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织。前者就是我们通常认识的那种脂肪,广泛分布于皮下组织和内脏周围,主要储存多余的能量以备不时之需;而棕色脂肪组织存在于人和所有哺乳动物体内,是维持恒定体温的大功臣。

维持恒定体温需要能量,棕色脂肪组织通过分解脂肪和糖分来完成这个使命,照理说糖分和脂肪的消耗应该增加饥饿感,怎么会越分解越饱呢?因为棕色脂肪组织走了一条“不正经”的摄食调控通路。

葡萄糖是通过交感神经系统调控人体的饱食感的,交感神经系统是典型的负反馈调节系统,血液中葡萄糖水平越高,饱食感就越强,从而抑制对食物的摄取。而棕色脂肪组织无法激活交感神经系统,它走的是自己的通路!这条“特殊”的摄食通路中,棕色脂肪组织有一个“好朋友”—促胰液素。


促胰液素受体在棕色脂肪组织高表达


促胰液素激活棕色脂肪组织产热通路

激素发挥作用需要受体。研究人员发现,促胰液素的受体在棕色脂肪组织中高表达,它会通过结合棕色脂肪组织中的相应受体,激活细胞内的环腺苷酸-蛋白激酶A(cAMP-PKA)信号通路, 诱导棕色脂肪分解,激活产热蛋白-解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)进行产热,该通路产生的热量,正是棕色脂肪组织向大脑传递的信号,这些信号说了什么?


棕色脂肪组织产热引起饱食感

研究人员发现,饱食感的控制中枢—下丘脑中存在温度感受器TRPV1,接受到来自棕色脂肪组织的热能信号后,可引起厌食类神经肽POMC的高表达,同时抑制增食类神经肽AgRP ,导致大脑产生了饱食感,你自然对食物兴致全无了。


食物摄取与棕色脂肪组织热生成密切相关

也就是说,肠道-棕色脂肪组织-脑轴的摄食调控新通路中,棕色脂肪组织的分解并不是为了补充能量,而是为了提醒大脑:别吃了。这条新通路对能量代谢相关疾病的饮食控制有重要意义,我们可以通过靶向这条通路,如利用促胰液素来提高饱食感,达到减少食物能量摄入的目的。

但是,毕竟只是“感觉”而已,饱食感一过饥饿感就容易让你进食更多,所以,自觉控制饮食次数亦是这种治疗成功的关键,而这,只能靠自己了。

原始出处:Yongguo Li, Katharina Schnabl, Sarah-Madeleine Gabler, et al. Secretin-Activated Brown Fat Mediates Prandial Thermogenesis to Induce Satiation. Cell. November 15, 2018

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    2019-07-31 维他命
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961265, encodeId=f37a1961265ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 01:27:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870992, encodeId=9f3d18e099203, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Apr 19 07:27:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353265, encodeId=99853532659b, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 17:39:02 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352933, encodeId=c64b35293394, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 09:10:45 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048246, encodeId=4a9a1048246ce, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 04:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961265, encodeId=f37a1961265ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 01:27:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870992, encodeId=9f3d18e099203, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Apr 19 07:27:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353265, encodeId=99853532659b, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 17:39:02 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352933, encodeId=c64b35293394, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 09:10:45 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048246, encodeId=4a9a1048246ce, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 04:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-21 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961265, encodeId=f37a1961265ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 01:27:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870992, encodeId=9f3d18e099203, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Apr 19 07:27:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353265, encodeId=99853532659b, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 17:39:02 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352933, encodeId=c64b35293394, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 09:10:45 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048246, encodeId=4a9a1048246ce, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Sun Nov 18 04:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-18 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-11-18 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

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