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CMAJ:肥胖是一种慢性病!加拿大肥胖管理指南

2020-08-15 xujing 中国循环杂志

近日,加拿大发布肥胖管理指南,指出肥胖管理的第一步就是要认识到肥胖是一种普遍、复杂、进行性和复发性疾病,是以不正常或过多的体脂为特征的有损健康的慢性病。

30年来,全球肥胖的流行呈升高态势,肥胖已经成为全球一个主要的公共卫生问题。近日,加拿大发布肥胖管理指南,指出肥胖管理的第一步就是要认识到肥胖是一种普遍、复杂、进行性和复发性疾病,是以不正常或过多的体脂为特征的有损健康的慢性病。

本指南建议肥胖管理重在改善以患者为中心的健康状况,而不是单纯的减肥。

肥胖管理应基于慢性病管理循证原则为基础解决肥胖的根源,不是简单的“少吃,多动”方案。

要避免歧视,因为歧视导致发病率和死亡率增加,且这与体重或体重指数无关。

肥胖管理的评估环节重点关注患者的健康行为,并针对体重增加的根本原因有的放矢。

指南还指出,测量身高、体重、腰围和体重指数是常规体检项目。

对于BMI增加(25~34.9 kg/m2)的人,建议应定期测量腰围,以识别内脏肥胖和肥胖相关疾病高危者。

肥胖的原始原因有生物因素,社会因素和个人生活经历、心理因素等。指南建议要全面了解肥胖者的这些情况,明确肥胖的根本原因,制定个性化的减重方案。

还建议测量血压、血糖及血脂,以确定心脏代谢风险,如有必要,还建议筛查非酒精性脂肪性肝病。

共识指出,所有肥胖者都能从健康均衡的饮食以及体力活动中获益。减肥和体重维持需要长期减少热量摄入。

长期坚持符合个人偏好的健康饮食模式,同时满足营养需求和治疗目标,是管理健康和体重的重要一环。

医学营养治疗是慢性病管理的基础。然而,医学营养疗法不应孤立地用于肥胖症的治疗,因为长期维持减肥可能是困难的,因为大脑中的代偿机制通过增加饥饿感促进热量摄入,最终导致体重增加。

相反,医学营养疗法应结合其他干预措施(心理干预、药物治疗、外科手术),进而为肥胖者量身定制减肥方案。

通过改变健康行为实现体重减轻3%~5%,可以显着改善肥胖相关的合并症。

体重降低多少在个体之间有很大的差异,这取决于生理和心理因素,而不仅仅是个人的努力。

指南指出,保持健康行为但体重仍保持不变,可被称为“最佳体重”,这可能不是体重指数量表中的“理想”体重。

达到一个“理想”的体重指数可能是非常困难的,不仅仅是通过行为改变就能实现的,可考虑药物或者手术治疗。

对BMI≥30 kg/m2或BMI≥27 kg/m2并伴有肥胖相关并发症的肥胖者,指南建议辅助药物治疗减肥,包括利拉鲁肽3mg,纳曲酮-安非他酮联合用药和奥利司他。

对于BMI≥40 kg/m2或BMI≥35 kg/m2且至少有1种肥胖相关疾病,可考虑减肥手术。

原始出处:

Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, et al. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2020;192(31):E875-E891.

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    2020-08-17 qjddjq
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    2020-08-16 彭红

    保持身心健康,必须有健康的行为方式

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青年时期肥胖,老年痴呆风险增加!

在近期召开的2020年阿尔茨海默病协会国际大会(AAIC)线上会议上,美国哥伦比亚大学研究者报告的一项研究提示,不论男士还是女士,如果青年时期超重或肥胖,中老年时期痴呆风险明显增加。

Biol Trace Elem Res:铬联合肉碱可改善超重和肥胖多囊卵巢综合征女性的体重和代谢指标

本研究旨在确定服用铬加肉碱对胰岛素抵抗的影响,次要目标是评估对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)超重受试者的血脂谱和体重减轻的影响。

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