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支持还是反对?美国公司在华开启新生儿全基因组测序!

2017-06-19 MedSci 转化医学网

一家波士顿的DNA测序公司正在为中国新生儿提供全基因组测序,这引发了人们的争议:关于新生儿的遗传信息,父母到底应该了解多少?

一家波士顿的DNA测序公司正在为中国新生儿提供全基因组测序,这引发了人们的争议:关于新生儿的遗传信息,父母到底应该了解多少?

Veritas Genetics解释说该测试将由医生开处方进行,将对新生儿950种严重幼年或者晚年疾病风险、200个与药物反应相关的基因以及超过100个身体特征的遗传学信息进行检测。

这项测试叫myBabyGenome,费用为1500美元,可以帮助找到新生儿基因组中隐藏的严重问题。

但是一些医生认为这个计划太超前了,“我认为兜售一些未被证实的数据是非常幼稚的做法,尤其是像婴儿这类脆弱的人群的信息。”Jim Evans说道,他是北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的一名遗传学教授。

问题在于许多致病基因带来的风险还不确定。就算小孩携带某个突变的致病基因,这也并不意味着小孩就一定会受影响,也正是这个问题引发了医生的疑问:将这些信息告知父母是否有用呢?

Veritas公司的测试还涉足了未知领域:它将通过检测预测孩子未来的外貌和表现:他们的鼻子有多宽,他们是否会暴饮暴食或者是否具有探索未知的天性,甚至他们是否会在未来某天秃顶?

Evans对于预测小孩未来的特征表示强烈的批评。尤其是心理学方面,他认为遗传学因素的影响还没有研究清楚。“这是基于伪科学预测风险,”他说道。“坦诚地讲,我认为给新生儿做遗传检测以判断他们40年后是否会秃顶是非常疯狂的。”

Veritas公司是哈佛大学个人基因组项目的延续,该公司利用他们最新的快速DNA测序技术专攻廉价全基因组测序业务。

从去年开始,该公司为美国成人提供费用为999美元的测序服务帮助他们进行体细胞中60亿DNA序列的检测,但是必须要由医生提出测试要求。遗传信息对于任何面临未诊断出的疾病或者癌症风险的病人是至关重要的。但是对大多数人而言,测试仅仅是一个噱头而已,因此广大民众的需求并不高。

Veritas已经在中国运行着一家测序实验室,他们似乎已经认定了对于雄心勃勃的中国父母而言,新生儿基因测序是一件必需品。

在一项采访中,Veritas公司CEO Mirza Cifric拒绝提供在美国建立相应服务的时间节点。尽管一些医生已经开始为新生儿进行测序以找出潜在的致病风险,美国医学界还是反对对健康新生儿进行测序,因为大多数数据并不会让医生采取效应的措施。

哈佛大学遗传学教授Robert Green共同领导了联邦资助的一项叫做BabySeq的研究,该研究旨在探索新生儿测序的风险和好处。迄今为止,该研究已经对100名新生儿进行了测试。Green在去年10月的报道说2400对夫妇中仅有低于10%的父母有对新生儿进行全基因组测序的兴趣。

“一些家庭不想和这件事儿有任何关系。关于找出他们健康婴儿可能或者不会发生的疾病风险的想法对他们而言是可怕甚至令人反感的。但是也有一些父母想获得这些信息。”

Green最近成为了Veritas公司的有偿医学和科学顾问,但是他并不认为目前新生儿测序会被美国大众所接受。但是其他一些公司正在瞄准更精准的新生儿基因测序,并正在尝试将这种新生儿测序扩展成与当今医院进行的常规测试一样的服务。

在目前的常规测试中,医生会刺破新生儿的手指,收集一滴血液样品,该样品随后用于6-30种疾病(根据各州和区的规定有所变动)的常规测试,这个时候一旦确诊,这些疾病将很容易进行治疗。

一家美国公司BabyGenes已经在提供检测包括100个基因、70种疾病的DNA测试,包含了一些政府测试不包含的罕见疾病。“我们正在尝试告诉大众我们有一种更好的测试方法。”该公司的实验室经理Katie Morris说道。

通过解读新生儿的全基因组,Veritas的测试将更深一步。他们将把会告知父母的950种疾病风险的数据整理成清单,整合到BabySeq项目中。

但是该公司并不会告知父母关于新生儿基因组的一切信息,因为他们意识到并不是所有的信息都适合告知父母,如该测试不会告知父母是否基因可能导致孩子老年时更早患上阿尔兹海默症。

取而代之的是,该公司会保存这些信息,供父母在后期继续购买这些信息。

这种随需付款的概念由美国一家叫做Helix的公司率先提出,但是目前还没完全证明它能成功。

在美国,Veritas已经受到了一些顾客的差评:因为他们获得报告的时间延迟了数月。Cifric解释说确实有人的报告延迟了,但是并没有顾客的报告被遗漏。

专家认为,为了像常规新生儿检测一样尽快找出相同的高风险因素,该公司的测序项目应该在几天之内给出报告。

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350044, encodeId=c3f813500440e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f82b29403d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29403, encryptionId=f82b29403d6, topicName=全基因组测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 00:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1438159, encodeId=1d05143815952, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=48f9418406e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41840, encryptionId=48f9418406e, topicName=基因组测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 00:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546470, encodeId=205015464e0dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 00:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212683, encodeId=5d4e212683c8, content=不应当同意是我们感觉的资源, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 09:49:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212682, encodeId=594a212682ae, content=不靠谱,应该是又一种经济掠夺, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6lQViaiaazgKwu3ASkx2y57ib6ISo2VFcU2BYlssBOpcOQcjB5rSVpl36mTeQD5lzAvY9wwxyOuebVA/0, createdBy=57c11919303, createdName=wl1122050, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 09:48:47 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212680, encodeId=2d04212680e3, content=看感觉态度自己没有本事, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 09:47:05 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-19 zwjnj2

    不应当同意是我们感觉的资源

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350044, encodeId=c3f813500440e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f82b29403d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29403, encryptionId=f82b29403d6, topicName=全基因组测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 00:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1438159, encodeId=1d05143815952, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=48f9418406e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组测序#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41840, encryptionId=48f9418406e, topicName=基因组测序)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 00:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546470, encodeId=205015464e0dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 00:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212683, encodeId=5d4e212683c8, content=不应当同意是我们感觉的资源, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 09:49:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212682, encodeId=594a212682ae, content=不靠谱,应该是又一种经济掠夺, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6lQViaiaazgKwu3ASkx2y57ib6ISo2VFcU2BYlssBOpcOQcjB5rSVpl36mTeQD5lzAvY9wwxyOuebVA/0, createdBy=57c11919303, createdName=wl1122050, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 09:48:47 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212680, encodeId=2d04212680e3, content=看感觉态度自己没有本事, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6DGOvNrRdcib3UmzMgpEQpl0ENSJScphsFtdgfibXX1g1IuEYGCjP23UqCd52TxTpSZibtPiclyusaHicnNXd78alaia19Qy1nAFo18/0, createdBy=50381491660, createdName=zwjnj2, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 09:47:05 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-19 wl1122050

    不靠谱,应该是又一种经济掠夺

    0

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    2017-06-19 zwjnj2

    看感觉态度自己没有本事

    0

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