美国科学编辑协会学术期刊出版白皮书

CSE’s White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications
Editorial Policy Committee (2005–2006), Council of Science Editors

CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN PUBLISHING
    2.1 Editor Roles and Responsibilities
        2.1.1  Editorial Freedom
        2.1.2  Confidentiality
        2.1.3  Conflicts of Interest
        2.1.4  Conflict of Interest Disclosure
        2.1.5  Editorial Board Participation
        2.1.6  Timeliness of the Publication Process
        2.1.7  Errata, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern
        2.1.8  Addressing Authorship Disputes
        2.1.9  Appealing Decisions and Reconsideration of Rejected Manuscripts
        2.1.10  Addressing Allegations or Findings of Misconduct
    2.2 Authorship
        2.2.1  Authorship and Contributorship Models
        2.2.2  Aims of Authorship and Contributorship Models
        2.2.3  Authors’ Role
        2.2.4  Copyright Assignment
        2.2.5  Order of Authorship
        2.2.6  Anonymous Authorship
        2.2.7  Group Authorship
        2.2.8  Deceased Authors
        2.2.9  Acknowledgments
        2.2.10  Multiple Submissions
        2.2.11  Registration of Clinical Trials
        2.2.12  Editors’ Role
    2.3 Reviewer Roles and Responsibilities
        2.3.1  Reviewer Selection
        2.3.2  Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
        2.3.3  Examples of Reviewer Impropriety
        2.3.4  Using Anonymous Reviewers: Critique of the Process
    2.4 Sponsor Roles and Responsibilities
        2.4.1  Authorship/Contributorship
        2.4.2  Process Control (Content, Direction, and Venue Choice)
        2.4.3  Disclosure of Funding Sources and Sponsor Involvement
        2.4.4   Access to and Provision of Data
        2.4.5   Copyright
        2.4.6   Sponsor Misconduct and/or Unethical Practices
    2.5 Relations Between Editors and Publishers, Sponsoring Societies,or Journal Owners
    2.6 Responsibilities to the Media
3.0 IDENTIFYING RESEARCH MISCONDUCT AND GUIDELINES FOR ACTION
    3.1 Description of Research Misconduct
        3.1.1   Mistreatment of Research Subjects
        3.1.2   Falsification and Fabrication of Data
        3.1.3   Piracy and Plagiarism
    3.2 International Models for Responding to Research Misconduct
        3.2.1   National Bodies Responding to the Problem
        3.2.2   Definition of Research Misconduct
        3.2.3   The Investigation
        3.2.4   Post-Investigation Issues
    3.3 Reporting Suspect Manuscripts
        3.3.1   Who Might Notify A Journal About A Suspect Manuscript?
        3.3.2   Whom Should a Journal Notify About a Suspect Manuscript?
    3.4 Digital Images and Misconduct
        3.4.1   Guidelines for Handling Image Data
        3.4.2   Enforcing the Guidelines
        3.4.3   Procedure for Handling Guideline Violations
    3.5 Correcting the Literature
        3.5.1   Definitions
        3.5.2   Published Guidelines
        3.5.3   The US Public Health Service
        3.5.4   The National Science Foundation, Office of Inspector General
        3.5.5   Processes
        3.5.6   Editor’s Checklist
        3.5.7   Examples of Literature Corrections
    3.6 Handling Third-Party Inquiries About Scientific Misconduct
        3.6.1   Media
        3.6.2   Legal Counsel
        3.6.3   Federal Agencies

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