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Science:重磅!开发出延缓癌细胞生长的新方法

2017-05-29 生物谷 生物谷

癌症是一种非常复杂的疾病,但是它的定义是相当简单的:细胞发生异常和不受控制地生长。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国罗彻斯特大学的研究人员鉴定出一种新的方法来潜在地延缓快速生长的细胞(fast-growing cell)的方法。快速生长的细胞是所有癌症的典型特征。这一发现是在实验室中针对肾癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞取得的,离在人体中的应用还有较长的路要走



癌症是一种非常复杂的疾病,但是它的定义是相当简单的:细胞发生异常和不受控制地生长。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国罗彻斯特大学的研究人员鉴定出一种新的方法来潜在地延缓快速生长的细胞(fast-growing cell)的方法。快速生长的细胞是所有癌症的典型特征。这一发现是在实验室中针对肾癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞取得的,离在人体中的应用还有较长的路要走。但是它可能在未来成为治疗方案开发的基础。相关研究结果发表在2017年5月26日的Science期刊上,论文标题为“Tudor-SN–mediated endonucleolytic decay of human cell microRNAs promotes G1/S phase transition”。论文通信作者为罗彻斯特大学医学与牙医学院RNA生物学中心主任Lynne E. Maquat博士。

癌症:细胞周期发生差错

所有细胞都经历“细胞周期”,即发生的一连串事件导致细胞有序生长和分裂。在癌症中,细胞周期发生紊乱:细胞不停止地分裂,侵入周围的组织。

这些研究人员鉴定出一种被称作Tudor-SN的蛋白在细胞周期的准备阶段(即细胞为发生分裂作出准备所花费的时间)中发挥着重要的作用。当他们利用基因编辑技术CRISPR-Cas9剔除细胞中的这种蛋白时,细胞花费更长的时间为分裂做好准备。Tudor-SN丢失延缓细胞周期。

论文共同第一作者、罗彻斯特大学医学与牙医学院生物化学与生物物理学系、RNA生物学中心助理教授Reyad A. Elbarbary博士(在Maquat实验室开展研究)说,“我们知道相比于健康的细胞,Tudor-SN在癌细胞中更加丰富,而且我们的研究提示着靶向这种蛋白可能抑制快速生长的癌细胞。”

Elbarbary补充道,现存的阻断Tudor-SN的化合物可能是开发一种疗法的良好候选物。

给细胞生长踩刹车

Maquat团队发现Tudor-SN通过控制微小核糖核酸(microRNA, 也译作微RNA, miRNA)来影响细胞周期。miRNA能够微调上千种人基因的表达。

当将Tudor-SN从人细胞中剔除时,几十种miRNA的水平上升了。提高这些miRNA的水平抑制促进细胞生长的基因的表达。通过让这些基因处于“开关”状态,细胞更加缓慢地从这种准备阶段进入到细胞分裂阶段。

Maquat注意到,“鉴于癌细胞具有缺陷的细胞周期,寻找参与细胞周期的因子是开发癌症治疗的一种有前景的方法。”

Maquat为靶向Tudor-SN来治疗和阻止癌症的方法申请了专利。下一步的研究包括理解Tudor-SN如何与其他的分子和蛋白协同发挥作用,这样科学家们能够鉴定出靶向它的最为合适的药物。

原始出处:

Reyad A. Elbarbary, Keita Miyoshi, Jason R. Myers et al. Tudor-SN–mediated endonucleolytic decay of human cell microRNAs promotes G1/S phase transition. Science, 26 May 2017, 356(6340):859-862, doi:10.1126/science.aai9372

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    2017-05-31 yxch36
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    2017-05-31 智智灵药
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    2017-05-31 xxxx1054
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研究人员已经发现了一种方法,通过使用能够识别和表征个别癌细胞的新技术以鉴定在肿瘤其余部分被破坏后能够躲过治疗继续存活的“流氓”癌细胞。

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