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JAC:雌激素治疗对替诺福韦和恩曲他滨血浆药代动力学的影响

2022-07-25 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

HIV

43.7%的TGW新诊断感染者在过去12个月内的艾滋病毒检测结果为阴性,这凸显了在该人群中获得有效预防策略的必要性。

背景:艾滋病毒感染不成比例地影响着跨性别妇女(TGW),与一般育龄成人相比,全球范围内跨性别妇女感染艾滋病毒的几率增加了约50倍。在巴西艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例数量第二多的城市里约热内卢,2015年至2016年期间参与研究的345名TGW人中有31.2%携带艾滋病毒。此外,43.7%的TGW新诊断感染者在过去12个月内的艾滋病毒检测结果为阴性,这凸显了在该人群中获得有效预防策略的必要性。在2018-20年在巴西里约热内卢进行的一项横断面研究中,根据限制性抗原亲和力测定,TGW的估计年化艾滋病毒发病率为9.16%(95% CI:4.05-17.32)。暴露前预防(PrEP)每日口服富马酸替诺福韦酯300 mg和恩曲他滨200 mg,已被证明是预防艾滋病毒感染高危人群感染艾滋病毒的有效和安全策略。然而,PrEP疗效基于最佳依从性,这对于包括TGW在内的许多人群来说是一个挑战。PrEP Brasil研究显示,TGW中通过干血点(DBS)测量的二磷酸替诺福韦(替诺福韦-DP)水平呈下降趋势。PrEParadas研究的结果显示,在第48周之前,依从性下降。PrEParadas研究是拉丁美洲首个反式特异性PrEP示范研究,在巴西里约热内卢招募了130名HIV感染高危TGW人。

作为TGW护理标准的一部分,雌激素治疗(FHT)的目标是通过结合使用雌激素(如戊酸雌二醇)和抗雄激素(如螺内酯)来诱导女性第二性征,同时减少男性性征。一些研究表明FHT降低了TGW PrEP的疗效。 这将限制PrEP对该人群的益处。其他研究表明,TGW的血清转换可能与依从性问题和不同的基线特征有关,而不是与FHT和替诺福韦酯/恩曲他滨之间的潜在相互作用有关。鉴于迄今为止研究显示的混合结果,TGW的替诺福韦酯/恩曲他滨和FHT之间的药物相互作用的临床意义仍不清楚。

目的:雌激素治疗(FHT)和暴露前预防(PrEP)之间的潜在相互作用可能是跨性别女性使用PrEP的一个障碍(TGW)。我们旨在评估FHT对TGW PrEP血浆药代动力学(PK)的影响。

方法:这是一项关于FHT对富马酸替诺福韦酯/恩曲他滨的影响的药代动力学子研究,嵌套在一项反式特异性制备示范研究(NCT03220152)中。参与者被分配接受仅准备(noFHT)或标准化FHT(sFHT;雌二醇戊酸酯2-6毫克加螺内酯100-300毫克加准备12周,之后他们可以开始任何FHT (aFHT)。短期和长期药代动力学评估分别发生在第12周和第30-48周(给药前和给药后0.5、1、2、4、6、8和24小时的血浆样本)。替诺福韦和恩曲他滨的非房室PK参数以几何平均比(GMR)的形式在短期PK中进行比较(sFHTaFHT at long PK)参与者。

结果:除了恩曲他滨Cmax[GMR:1.15(95% CI:1.01–1.32)]或noFHT短期PK和aFHT长期PK (n= 13)外,在noFHT (n= 12)和sFHT参与者(n= 18)的短期PK之间没有观察到替诺福韦和恩曲他滨血浆PK参数的差异。大多数参与者在短期药代动力学(56%)时服用2 mg戊酸雌二醇,在长期药代动力学(54%)时服用4 mg戊酸雌二醇。短期药代动力学(sFHT)和长期药代动力学(aFHT)的雌二醇水平中位数(IQR)分别为56.8(43.2–65.4)pg/mL和44.8(24.70–57.30)pg/mL。本次分析中没有参与者在研究期间发生血清转化。

表1根据FHT使用情况进行短期评估期间,PrEParadas DDI子研究参与者的激素水平

图1 对noFHT和sFHT参与者进行短期药代动力学评估时的浓度与时间。(a)和(b)分别显示了在给药前和在TGW 0.5、1、2、4、6、8和24小时的替诺福韦(TFV)和恩曲他滨(FTC)的血浆浓度(无FHT,仅制备;圆圈,n =12)和sFHT参与者(预备加标准化sFHT正方形,n =18)。数据是平均值,误差线表示SDs。

表2 替诺福韦(TFV)和恩曲他滨(FTC)的非房室PK参数(根据FHT使用和评估期)

结论:我们的结果表明FHT对替诺福韦水平没有交互作用,进一步支持了TGW使用FHT的PrEP使用。

原文出处:Cattani VB,  Jalil EM,  Eksterman L, et al.Impact of feminizing hormone therapy on tenofovir and emtricitabine plasma pharmacokinetics: a nested drug-drug interaction study in a cohort of Brazilian transgender women using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.J Antimicrob Chemother 2022 Jul 11

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