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针对广泛期小细胞肺癌,免疫治疗药物Imfinzi显著改善生存获益和持久疗效

2019-09-10 MedSci MedSci

9月10日,阿斯利康公布了III期临床试验CASPIAN的详细临床数据,针对未经系统性治疗的广泛期小细胞肺癌,Imfinzi(durvalumab)可以显著改善患者的总生存期。 相比于小细胞肺癌标准治疗,即最多6周期的化疗以及可选择的预防性脑放疗,durvalumab联合4周期的标准化疗(依托泊苷联合顺铂或卡铂)可显著改善总生存期,具有统计学意义和临床意义。 durvalumab联合化

9月10日,阿斯利康公布了III期临床试验CASPIAN的详细临床数据,针对未经系统性治疗的广泛期小细胞肺癌,Imfinzi(durvalumab)可以显著改善患者的总生存期。

相比于小细胞肺癌标准治疗,即最多6周期的化疗以及可选择的预防性脑放疗,durvalumab联合4周期的标准化疗(依托泊苷联合顺铂或卡铂)可显著改善总生存期,具有统计学意义和临床意义。

durvalumab联合化疗组的中位总生存期(OS)是13.0月,而标准治疗组是10.3月,死亡风险降低了27%(HR=0.73)。durvalumab联合化疗组的18个月生存率是33.9%,而标准治疗组是24.7%。

在所有疗效指标中,durvalumab联合化疗相比于标准治疗都显示出了获益。结果显示,durvalumab联合化疗的12个月无进展生存率具有显著优势(17.5%对比4.7%),客观缓解率提高了10.3%(67.9%对比57.6%),和更长的缓解持续时间(12个月,22.7%对比6.3%)。

以上临床数据在2019年世界肺癌大会的全体会议上公布,该会议在西班牙巴塞罗那召开,由国际肺癌研究协会(IASLC)主办。

阿斯利康全球执行副总裁、肿瘤治疗领域研发部负责人José Baselga表示:“我们非常欣喜地看到,在经过durvalumab联合化疗治疗后,超过1/3的小细胞肺癌患者18个月后依然健在,这对于极度恶性的小细胞肺癌来说是非常了不起的数据。值得注意的是,这些数据为内科医生选择durvalumab联合含顺铂或者卡铂的化疗来治疗小细胞肺癌患者提供了依据。我们期待与监管部门共同努力,尽快将durvalumab带给全球的小细胞肺癌患者。”

西班牙马德里Doce de Octubre大学医院肿瘤科主任,CASPIAN临床试验主要研究者Luis Paz-Ares教授表示:小细胞肺癌患者的治疗选择非常有限,5年生存率只有6%左右;CASPIAN临床试验证明durvalumab联合4周期化疗比传统化疗的效果更好,可以显著改善患者生存期,这对小细胞肺癌患者来说是新的选择和希望。

小细胞肺癌是一种生长迅速的恶性肿瘤,尽管它对含铂化疗敏感,但很快就会复发并快速进展。

临床数据



i 依托泊苷+研究者选择的顺铂或卡铂
ii总生存期、无进展生存期和客观缓解率的数据统计截止到2019年3月11日.
iii无进展生存期还未进行统计学分析.
i确认的客观缓解率是由研究者评估,标准是 RECIST v1.1.

durvalumab联合依托泊苷和含铂化疗的安全性以及耐受性跟之前的试验结果一致。临床数据显示,durvalumab联合标准治疗组和标准治疗组出现3-4级不良事件的比例分别是61.5%和62.4%,两组患者由于不良事件停止治疗的比例相近(9.4%对比9.4%)。

针对局限期小细胞肺癌,III期临床试验- ADRIATIC正在评估同步放化疗之后使用durvalumab的疗效。

基于III期PACIFIC试验结果,durvalumab在包括美国、日本和欧盟在内的49个国家,获批用于以治愈为目的的III期不可切除非小细胞肺癌放化疗后的巩固治疗。

关于CASPIAN

CASPIAN研究是一项随机、开放标签的全球多中心III期临床试验,针对的是广泛期小细胞肺癌患者的一线治疗。这个临床试验分为三组:durvalumab联合标准化疗(依托泊苷+顺铂或卡铂)、durvalumab+tremelimumab(抗CTLA-4抗体)+化疗组以及单独化疗的对照组。在实验组中,患者最多接受4个周期的化疗。在对照组中,患者最多接受6个周期化疗,同时根据情况选择预防性脑放疗。这个临床试验还会继续进行,直到durvalumab+tremelimumab+化疗联合治疗组的生存期数据成熟。

这个临床试验在全球22个国家的200多个中心进行,包括美国、欧洲、南美、亚洲和中东。该临床试验的主要研究终点是总生存期。

关于小细胞肺癌

肺癌已成为男性和女性因癌症死亡的主要原因,约占所有癌症死亡人数的五分之一。通常,肺癌分为非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)和小细胞肺癌(SCLC),小细胞肺癌(SCLC)的比例为15%左右。大约3/4的小细胞肺癌患者,确诊的时候已是广泛期,癌细胞已经在肺部扩散或者转移到身体其它组织或者器官。小细胞肺癌的预后很差,5年生存率只有6%左右。

关于durvalumab

durvalumab是一个人源的PD-L1单克隆抗体,能够阻断PD-L1跟PD-1和CD80的结合,从而阻断肿瘤免疫逃逸并释放被抑制的免疫反应。

durvalumab已经在包含美国在内的全球10个国家被批准用于经治晚期膀胱癌患者的治疗。

作为新药研发项目的一部分,durvalumab目前正以单独用药或者联合CTLA-4抗体tremelimumab以及其它新的药物的形式,探索在非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、膀胱癌、头颈癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、胆管癌和其它实体肿瘤等方向的治疗前景。

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    2019-09-12 swallow
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    2019-09-10 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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