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Nat Med:揭秘老年人肌肉愈合缓慢之谜

2016-07-22 佚名 生物谷

随着年龄增长,我们机体骨骼肌的功能和再生能力就会慢慢退化,这就意味着对于老年人而言,一般很难从手上或者外科手术中完全恢复过来;近日来自国外的研究人员通过研究发现,一种名为β1-整联蛋白的特殊蛋白质对于肌肉再生非常重要,相关研究刊登在了国际杂志Nature Medicine上,这两项研究货位后期研究者开发靶向治疗干预措施来抵御肌肉老化和疾病提供了新的线索和思路。机体损伤后,肌肉干细胞是肌肉再生的主要

随着年龄增长,我们机体骨骼肌的功能和再生能力就会慢慢退化,这就意味着对于老年人而言,一般很难从手上或者外科手术中完全恢复过来;近日来自国外的研究人员通过研究发现,一种名为β1-整联蛋白的特殊蛋白质对于肌肉再生非常重要,相关研究刊登在了国际杂志Nature Medicine上,这两项研究货位后期研究者开发靶向治疗干预措施来抵御肌肉老化和疾病提供了新的线索和思路。

机体损伤后,肌肉干细胞是肌肉再生的主要来源,这些特殊的成体干细胞在肌肉组织中处于休眠的状态,其位于单个肌纤维的一端,因此这些肌肉干细胞被称之为肌肉卫星细胞;当肌纤维受损时,这些干细胞就会被激活并且增殖,大多数的新生细胞就会开始增殖产生新型肌肉纤维并且恢复肌肉的功能,有些会恢复至休眠状态,从而使得肌肉可以不断进行自我修复和自我更新。

研究者Rozo表示,整联蛋白的功能(β1-整联蛋白)对于维持肌肉干细胞休眠状态的循环、激活、增殖并且恢复至休眠状态都至关重要;整联蛋白是一种细胞外的基质受体蛋白,其可以提供细胞同外部环境的即时连接,一旦缺失整联蛋白,肌肉再生过程几乎每个阶段都会被打断。

研究者认为,β1-整联蛋白的缺失很有可能会引发诸如机体老化等现象,而机体老化和肌肉干细胞功能的降低直接相关,同时也会降低肌肉干细胞的数量,这就意味着,个体在损伤或术后肌肉愈合会变得非常缓慢,而且这也会引发个体机体长期肌肉功能的不稳定及肌肉量的缺失等。Fan解释道,在老年人机体中无效的肌肉愈合往往是一个非常关键的问题,而且目前急需特殊的治疗手段,尤其是对于那些老年个体,因此寻找一种可以靶向作用肌肉干细胞的新型方法似乎可以有效改善老年人机体的肌肉再生和更新功能。

文章中,研究者发现,在老化的肌肉干细胞中β1-整联蛋白的功能处于减少的状态,此外当研究者人为地激活小鼠老化肌肉中的整联蛋白时,其机体肌肉的再生能力就可以恢复到年轻的水平;更为重要的是,当这种方法应用到治疗肌营养不良症的动物机体时可以明显改善动物机体肌肉的再生、力量及功能,这就为开发治疗肌肉障碍等疾病的潜在疗法提供了一定研究数据。

此前,来自来自丰桥技术科学大学的科学家通过研究发现,自噬作用的缺失或可促进老年个体肌肉的缺失。少肌症是一种老化相关的骨骼肌肌肉量及强度缺失的疾病,抑制该病对于维持老年人群高质量的生活非常重要,然而研究人员目前仍然并不清楚少肌症发生的分子机制。确定自噬相关的调解器,比如p62/SQSTM1,LC3等在老年个体机体肌肉改变中的水平对于理解少肌症的发病机制非常关键,相关研究或可帮助开发减缓少肌症恶化的新型疗法或策略。

2012年,来自英国伦敦国王学院等机构的研究人员首次鉴定出一种关键性蛋白因子在老化期间导致肌肉的修复能力下降,并且发现利用一种常用的药物在小鼠体内阻止这种过程。尽管这只是初步研究,但这些发现有助于揭示肌肉如何随着年龄的增长而遭受损失从而导致肌无力。在这项研究中,研究人员研究了在肌肉内部发现的负责修复肌肉损伤的干细胞,以便发现为什么肌肉再生的能力随着年龄的增长而下降。一种休眠的干细胞池存在于每块肌肉内部,并且作好因锻炼和损伤而被激活的准备以便及时修复任何损坏。当需要时,这些干细胞分化为上百个新的肌纤维来修复肌肉。在修复过程结束时,一些干细胞也会补充休眠的干细胞池,这样肌肉才能一次又一次地保持进行自我修复的能力。

肌肉干细胞可以利用β1-整联蛋白来同肌肉外部环境中其它蛋白相互作用,在这些蛋白中,研究者发现了一种关键的纤连蛋白,随后研究人员通力合作成功地将纤连蛋白同β1-整联蛋白进行了连接。研究人员指出,相比“年轻的“肌肉而言,老化的肌肉中包含着大量水平较低的纤连蛋白,同β1-整联蛋白一样,消除年轻肌肉中的纤连蛋白就可以使得肌肉表现地同老化状态一样,当恢复老化肌肉组织中的纤连蛋白水平时就可以将肌肉的再生功能恢复至年轻状态,这就揭示了β1-整联蛋白、纤连蛋白同肌肉干细胞再生三者之间的密切关联,相关研究刊登在了Nature Medicine上发表的第二篇研究成果中。

最后研究人员Fan说道,基于本文的研究成果,我们发现,老化的肌肉干细胞中β1-整联蛋白活性较低且纤连蛋白的水平不足,而这或许是引发肌肉老化的根本原因,后期我们还将继续通过更为深入的研究以β1-整联蛋白和纤连蛋白为靶点开发治疗机体老化的新型靶向个体化疗法。

参考资料:

Rozo M, Li L, Fan CM. Targeting β1-integrin signaling enhances regeneration in aged and dystrophic muscle in mice.  Nat Med. 2016 Jul 4. doi: 10.1038/nm.4116

Lukjanenko L, Jung MJ, Hegde N, Perruisseau-Carrier C, Migliavacca E, Rozo M, Karaz S, Jacot G, Schmidt M, Li L, Metairon S, Raymond F, Lee U, Sizzano F, Wilson DH, Dumont NA, Palini A, Fässler R, Steiner P, Descombes P, Rudnicki MA, Fan CM, von Maltzahn J, Feige JN, Bentzinger CF. Loss of fibronectin from the aged stem cell niche affects the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in mice. Nat Med. 2016 Jul 4. doi: 10.1038/nm.4126

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    2017-04-07 仁心济世
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881206, encodeId=ab3b18812063a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 15:32:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=116848, encodeId=d4751168487f, content=赞!好文章,拜读,深入学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 09 19:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95023, encodeId=b21a950237b, content=很受启发。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2SEXGDldsNfP4rKvY7vJmaHcyvLXicuyaCTJtVOkX3jvd6DwNMD88hDjJwsU7MnUH6zeqC4zt3yGV/0, createdBy=4e701628585, createdName=flyingzyx, createdTime=Fri Jul 29 09:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606998, encodeId=d5881606998e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 01:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94238, encodeId=b40b9423884, content=学习了,好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sat Jul 23 11:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-09 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    赞!好文章,拜读,深入学习。

    0

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    2016-07-29 flyingzyx

    很受启发。

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881206, encodeId=ab3b18812063a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Fri Apr 07 15:32:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=116848, encodeId=d4751168487f, content=赞!好文章,拜读,深入学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Sep 09 19:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95023, encodeId=b21a950237b, content=很受启发。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2SEXGDldsNfP4rKvY7vJmaHcyvLXicuyaCTJtVOkX3jvd6DwNMD88hDjJwsU7MnUH6zeqC4zt3yGV/0, createdBy=4e701628585, createdName=flyingzyx, createdTime=Fri Jul 29 09:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606998, encodeId=d5881606998e7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 01:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=94238, encodeId=b40b9423884, content=学习了,好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Sat Jul 23 11:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-23 oo902

    学习了,好好学习

    0

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