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NEJM:ChAdOx1-S疫苗和BNT162b2疫苗接种后20周疫苗效果开始下降

2022-01-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

完成2剂量ChAdOx1-S疫苗和BNT162b2疫苗接种后20周,疫苗对预防Covid-19相关住院和死亡的有效性下降,其中老年人和临床脆弱人群的衰退幅度更大。

自2020年12月以来,英国开始接种新冠肺炎疫苗,真实世界研究数据显示,疫苗接种对降低Covid-19及其相关的严重疾病和死亡风险非常有效,但疫苗的保护效力可能会随着时间的推移而减弱。近日研究人员考察了英国人群完成2剂量疫苗接种后的保护时效。


本次研究为病例对照研究,以新冠肺炎阴性病例为对照,对英国患者的相关住院和死亡风险进行了评估,以评估ChAdOx1-S和BNT162b2疫苗的有效性,根据受试者的年龄、临床状态以及接受第二次疫苗后的时间进行分层的,并考察疫苗接种后对B.1.1.7(α)和B.1.617.2(δ)变异株的防护有效性。
针对delta变异株,疫苗预防有症状性Covid-19的有效性在接受第二剂后的前几周达到峰值,20周后ChAdOx1-S疫苗下降至44.3%,BNT162b2疫苗下降至66.3%,其中65岁或65岁以上人群的疫苗有效性下降幅度大于40至64岁人群。在接种后20周或更长时间内,疫苗对预防新冠肺炎住院或死亡的保护效果下降幅度较少,ChAdOx1-S疫苗和BNT162b2疫苗的预防住院的有效性分别为80.0%和91.7%,预防死亡有效率分别为84.8%和91.9%,但在有其他基础疾病、65岁或以上人群以及60岁至64岁人群中,疫苗对预防住院风险的有效性下降程度大于其他人群。

接种20周后,疫苗的有效性下降

研究发现,完成2剂量ChAdOx1-S疫苗和BNT162b2疫苗接种后20周,疫苗对预防Covid-19相关住院和死亡的有效性下降,其中老年人和临床脆弱人群的衰退幅度更大。
原始出处:
Nick Andrews et al. Duration of Protection against Mild and Severe Disease by Covid-19 Vaccines. N Engl J Med,January 12, 2022.

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