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NEJM:低剂量CT扫描方案可明显减少肺癌死亡率

2013-09-23 佚名 丁香园

研究要点: NLST试验发现与X线摄影术相比,三轮低剂量CT扫描(T0, T1,和T2)可使肺癌死亡率相对减少20%; 低剂量CT扫描检查早期肺癌有更高的敏感性,但阳性预测值比X线摄影术低; 与X线摄影术相比,利用低剂量CT扫描术进行两轮肺癌发生率筛查导致晚期肺癌诊断数量下降,早期肺癌诊断数量上升。 美国全国肺筛查试验旨在确定与胸X线摄影术相比,三轮每年低剂量计算机断层扫描(LDCT)筛查

研究要点:

NLST试验发现与X线摄影术相比,三轮低剂量CT扫描(T0, T1,和T2)可使肺癌死亡率相对减少20%;

低剂量CT扫描检查早期肺癌有更高的敏感性,但阳性预测值比X线摄影术低;

与X线摄影术相比,利用低剂量CT扫描术进行两轮肺癌发生率筛查导致晚期肺癌诊断数量下降,早期肺癌诊断数量上升。

美国全国肺筛查试验旨在确定与胸X线摄影术相比,三轮每年低剂量计算机断层扫描(LDCT)筛查(T0, T1,和T2)是否可减少肺癌死亡率。美国加州大学放射科学研究室的Aberle博士等人在本文中展示了前两次肺癌发生率筛查(T1和T2)的详细数据。论文发表于国际权威杂志NEJM 2013年9月在线版。

研究者评估了受试者的筛查方案依从率,筛查和下游诊断检查结果,肺癌病例特征以及一线治疗,研究者还检验了两次筛查方法的表现特征。【原文下载

结果显示,在T1和T2筛查中,低剂量CT组受试者的阳性筛查率分别为27.9%和16.8%,而X线摄影组则为6.2%和5.0%。在低剂量CT组,T1筛查的敏感性和特异性分别为94.4%和72.6%,阳性预测值为2.4%,阴性预测值为99.9%;T2筛查的阳性预测值为5.2%。在X线摄影组,T1筛查的敏感性为59.6%,特异性为94.1%,阳性预测值为4.4%,阴性预测值为99.8%;T2筛查中敏感性和阳性预测值均有增加。对于已知分期的肺癌患者,低剂量CT扫描组T1扫描中有87 (47.5%)例为IA期,57 (31.1%)例为III或IV期;而X线摄影组T1扫描中有31 (23.5%)例IA期,78 (59.1%)例为III或IV期。T2筛查中同样存在分期分布的组间差异。

研究由此得出结论:低剂量CT扫描检出早期肺癌有更高的敏感性,但可检测阳性预测值比X线摄影术低。与X线摄影术相比,利用低剂量CT扫描术进行的两轮肺癌发生率筛查导致晚期肺癌诊断数量下降,早期肺癌诊断数量上升。

研究背景:

美国全国肺筛查试验(NLST)是一项比较低剂量CT扫描与单影像后前位胸部X线摄影术筛查高危队列人群肺癌特异性死亡率的随机试验。NLST试验发现与X线摄影术相比,三轮低剂量CT扫描(T0, T1,和T2)可使肺癌死亡率相对减少20%.本文中作者展示了两次肺癌发生率筛查(T1,和T2)的细节性发现,包括阳性筛查结果率信息,筛查检查的表现特征,阳性筛查结果的随访诊断,肺癌检出的数量和特征,一线治疗等。流行率筛查(T0)的详细结果另文报道。

原文下载

Kovalchik SA, Tammemagi M, Berg CD, Caporaso NE, Riley TL, Korch M, Silvestri GA, Chaturvedi AK, Katki HA.Targeting of low-dose CT screening according to the risk of lung-cancer death.N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 18;369(3):245-54

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