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Cell Reports :全基因组鉴定分析人类癌症的预后生物标志物

2022-04-21 生物谷 生物谷

这项研究中的每一种癌症类型都由一个患者队列代表,在临床应用之前,任何感兴趣的个体生物标记物都应该在多个独立的队列中得到验证。

准确区分侵袭性癌症和惰性癌症的能力是预测患者风险的基础,并可以指导关键的治疗决策。对于良性癌症,谨慎等待和/或手术切除可能是合适的,而浸润性癌症可能需要使用细胞毒疗法进行多模式治疗,这种疗法本身就会导致相当大的发病率。

癌症治疗不足和癌症过度治疗都已被确定为患者死亡的重要来源,突显出迫切需要提高我们准确识别患有最具侵袭性恶性肿瘤的患者的能力。

目前的风险预测在很大程度上依赖于对疾病状态的组织病理学和放射学评估。淋巴结转移和细胞去分化等特征的存在被认为是患者预后的强有力的预测指标,并被用来确定癌症的分期和分级。然而,这些病理标记物需要主观判断,并且观察者之间的符合率较低。此外,即使是完美的肿瘤分期也不能明确地预测患者随后的临床病程。

图片来源: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110569

近日,耶鲁大学医学院的研究者们在Cell Reports杂志上发表了题为“Genome-wide identification and analysis of prognostic features in human cancers”的文章,该研究分析为预后生物标记物分析建立了丰富的资源,并阐明了患者生存数据在临床前癌症研究和治疗开发中的应用。

癌症的临床决策依赖于对患者风险的准确评估。为了提高我们识别最具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤的能力,研究者使用来自10,884名患者的基因表达、拷贝数、甲基化和突变数据构建了全基因组生存模型。

研究者确定了100,000多个重要的预后生物标记物,并证明这些基因组特征可以在临床上不明确的情况下预测患者的预后。虽然不利的生物标记物通常被认为代表癌症驱动基因和有希望的治疗靶点,但研究者表明,与较短生存时间相关的癌症特征不会对癌基因或成功的药物靶点产生丰富作用。

相反,最强的不良生物标志物代表了广泛表达的细胞周期和基因,相应地,几乎所有针对这些特征的治疗都在临床试验中失败了。

全基因组鉴定和分析人类癌症的预后特征

图片来源: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110569

在理想的生物标记物发现研究中,每个队列中的患者将接受统一的治疗,从而将患者间变异性的一个潜在来源降至最低。作为TCGA分析的一部分,患者接受了不同的治疗,这可能会混淆预后生物标志物的识别。

此外,TCGA中的某些癌症类型包括的患者不到100人,这可能会使他们无法进行全面的生物标记物识别。尽管有这些局限性,研究者注意到我们的分析正确地概括了许多既定的预后特征,包括患者年龄、肿瘤分级、肿瘤分期、TP53突变、细胞周期基因表达等。最后,这项研究中的每一种癌症类型都由一个患者队列代表,在临床应用之前,任何感兴趣的个体生物标记物都应该在多个独立的队列中得到验证。

参考文献

Joan C. Smith et al. Genome-wide identification and analysis of prognostic features in human cancers. Cell Rep. 2022 Mar 29;38(13):110569. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110569.

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    2022-09-04 维他命
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