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J Bone Joint Surg Am:关于臂丛的解剖学进展

2015-07-27 Mojo 译 MedSci原创

近日在JBJS上发表的一篇文章试图纠正经典解剖图谱上关于臂丛的一处错误描绘,借此机会与大家一起复习一下臂丛的解剖知识。图 1:经典臂丛解剖图谱,在此图上可见肩胛上神经在前股(ant. division)与后股(post. division)的近端发出;另外,图上描述每干的前股均在最外侧,后股均在最内侧。这些与临床实践并不相符,这可能误导外科医生并导致错误的神经吻合。臂丛是传导上肢感觉与运动功能的复

近日在JBJS上发表的一篇文章试图纠正经典解剖图谱上关于臂丛的一处错误描绘,借此机会与大家一起复习一下臂丛的解剖知识。


图 1:经典臂丛解剖图谱,在此图上可见肩胛上神经在前股(ant. division)与后股(post. division)的近端发出;另外,图上描述每干的前股均在最外侧,后股均在最内侧。这些与临床实践并不相符,这可能误导外科医生并导致错误的神经吻合。

臂丛是传导上肢感觉与运动功能的复杂神经网络。关于臂丛最早的记录可以追溯到公元前400年的一份关于新生儿产伤的医学文献。1918年,在分离了175具大体样本后,Kerr最早描述了臂丛的“本质”。一般来说,臂丛由第5到第8颈神经和第1胸神经的前支(rami)组成。最上的两个神经根,C5和C6,汇合成为上干(trunk);C7继续走行延续成为中干;而C8加入T1形成了下干。臂丛最常见的变异是前置性臂丛,即C4汇入臂丛,以及后置性臂丛,即臂丛中含有T2,这两种变异的概率分别是28%-62%与16%-73%。在锁骨平面,每条神经干又发出两支,即前股(division)和后股。在锁骨远端,上干和中干的前股汇合成为外侧束(cord),下干的前股延续成为内侧束,所有后股汇合形成后束。内侧束终支延续成为尺神经,外侧束终支延续为肌皮神经。内侧束与外侧束分别发出内、外侧根组成正中神经。后束分出桡神经和腋神经。臂丛的上干直接分出3条神经:来自C5神经根的肩胛背神经、上干中点处分出的肩胛上神经以及从上干分出的支配锁骨下肌的神经。
    
新生儿产伤或儿童、成人的创伤后常常需要臂丛探查。而臂丛上干是臂丛中最易损伤的部分。一直以来,解剖图谱上描绘的肩胛上神经来自臂丛上干中点,而臂丛上干最外侧的分支是前股。然而在临床实践中,图谱的这一描述并不准确。手术中暴露臂丛时可以发现肩胛上神经位于最外侧,接着是后股,而前股位于最内侧。为了证明这一观点,研究人员解剖了8具尸体,所有的16份标本上,肩胛上神经与前股和后股的起点都相互临近,形成一个三叉结构。而且,所有标本中肩胛上神经都是臂丛在锁骨水平上最外侧的分支,接着是后股,前股位于最内侧。肩胛上神经的起点距发出两股处平均距离为4mm,其中有两例标本,肩胛上神经分自臂丛后股而非上干。





如果对神经辨认错误,将会导致错误的断端吻合进而造成严重的医疗事故。在临床实践中,这一三叉结构可以用来在臂丛损伤时分辨肩胛上神经,为外科医生提供明确的指示。

原始出处:

Leung S, Zlotolow DA, Kozin SH, Abzug JM.Surgical Anatomy of the Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015 Jul 1;97(13):1067-73. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.N.00706.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157958, encodeId=d40815e95843, content=好详细啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 22:58:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915131, encodeId=f1ba1915131bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05343619cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bone#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3619, encryptionId=05343619cf, topicName=Bone)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36550, encodeId=d6df36550fe, content=颈丛臂丛解剖对我很常用 赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=75bb1617091, createdName=Bobby7868, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 13:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34438, encodeId=ae6634438eb, content=臂丛的解剖学还有待发展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34439, encodeId=981a3443913, content=希望该项研究能得到新的突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=221, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618216, encodeId=67da161821699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dc291012af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解剖学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91012, encryptionId=4dc291012af, topicName=解剖学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ad319872729, createdName=654699882_84926992, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 06:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-24 cjingjuan

    好详细啊

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157958, encodeId=d40815e95843, content=好详细啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 22:58:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915131, encodeId=f1ba1915131bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05343619cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bone#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3619, encryptionId=05343619cf, topicName=Bone)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36550, encodeId=d6df36550fe, content=颈丛臂丛解剖对我很常用 赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=75bb1617091, createdName=Bobby7868, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 13:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34438, encodeId=ae6634438eb, content=臂丛的解剖学还有待发展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34439, encodeId=981a3443913, content=希望该项研究能得到新的突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=221, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618216, encodeId=67da161821699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dc291012af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解剖学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91012, encryptionId=4dc291012af, topicName=解剖学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ad319872729, createdName=654699882_84926992, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 06:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-18 apoenzyme
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157958, encodeId=d40815e95843, content=好详细啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 22:58:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915131, encodeId=f1ba1915131bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05343619cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bone#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3619, encryptionId=05343619cf, topicName=Bone)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36550, encodeId=d6df36550fe, content=颈丛臂丛解剖对我很常用 赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=75bb1617091, createdName=Bobby7868, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 13:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34438, encodeId=ae6634438eb, content=臂丛的解剖学还有待发展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34439, encodeId=981a3443913, content=希望该项研究能得到新的突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=221, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618216, encodeId=67da161821699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dc291012af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解剖学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91012, encryptionId=4dc291012af, topicName=解剖学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ad319872729, createdName=654699882_84926992, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 06:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-09 Bobby7868

    颈丛臂丛解剖对我很常用 赞

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157958, encodeId=d40815e95843, content=好详细啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 22:58:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915131, encodeId=f1ba1915131bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05343619cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bone#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3619, encryptionId=05343619cf, topicName=Bone)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36550, encodeId=d6df36550fe, content=颈丛臂丛解剖对我很常用 赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=75bb1617091, createdName=Bobby7868, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 13:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34438, encodeId=ae6634438eb, content=臂丛的解剖学还有待发展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34439, encodeId=981a3443913, content=希望该项研究能得到新的突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=221, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618216, encodeId=67da161821699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dc291012af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解剖学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91012, encryptionId=4dc291012af, topicName=解剖学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ad319872729, createdName=654699882_84926992, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 06:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    臂丛的解剖学还有待发展

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157958, encodeId=d40815e95843, content=好详细啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 22:58:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915131, encodeId=f1ba1915131bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05343619cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bone#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3619, encryptionId=05343619cf, topicName=Bone)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36550, encodeId=d6df36550fe, content=颈丛臂丛解剖对我很常用 赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=75bb1617091, createdName=Bobby7868, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 13:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34438, encodeId=ae6634438eb, content=臂丛的解剖学还有待发展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34439, encodeId=981a3443913, content=希望该项研究能得到新的突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=221, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618216, encodeId=67da161821699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dc291012af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解剖学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91012, encryptionId=4dc291012af, topicName=解剖学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ad319872729, createdName=654699882_84926992, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 06:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    希望该项研究能得到新的突破

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157958, encodeId=d40815e95843, content=好详细啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Nov 24 22:58:23 CST 2016, time=2016-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1915131, encodeId=f1ba1915131bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05343619cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bone#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3619, encryptionId=05343619cf, topicName=Bone)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=36550, encodeId=d6df36550fe, content=颈丛臂丛解剖对我很常用 赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=75bb1617091, createdName=Bobby7868, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 13:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34438, encodeId=ae6634438eb, content=臂丛的解剖学还有待发展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34439, encodeId=981a3443913, content=希望该项研究能得到新的突破, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=221, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618216, encodeId=67da161821699, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4dc291012af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#解剖学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91012, encryptionId=4dc291012af, topicName=解剖学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ad319872729, createdName=654699882_84926992, createdTime=Wed Jul 29 06:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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