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长得胖,大脑萎缩得更快?

2016-08-06 熊坨坨 医学界内分泌频道

胖得脑子都坏掉了?剑桥大学最近做了一项研究指出,中年胖子的脑子,比中年正常体重人要老10岁。不要以为这个老10岁是指多10年的智慧,而是人类的大脑本身就会随着年龄萎缩,因此,这个研究说明,长得胖的人大脑萎缩得更快。并且,还有一些其它问题。1,先来看一下他们对“胖”的定义——研究者把找来的研究对象分成三组,身体质量指数(Body Mass Index BMI)在18.5kg/m2 至 24.9kg/

胖得脑子都坏掉了?


剑桥大学最近做了一项研究指出,中年胖子的脑子,比中年正常体重人要老10岁。


不要以为这个老10岁是指多10年的智慧,而是人类的大脑本身就会随着年龄萎缩,因此,这个研究说明,长得胖的人大脑萎缩得更快。并且,还有一些其它问题。


1,先来看一下他们对“胖”的定义——


研究者把找来的研究对象分成三组,身体质量指数(Body Mass Index BMI)在18.5kg/m2 至 24.9kg/m2之间的正常对照组(平均BMI 22.7 ± 1.7kg/m2),BMI在25kg/m2至29.99kg/m2之间的超重组(平均BMI 27.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2 ),BMI大于等于30的肥胖组(平均BMI 33.5 ± 3.8kg/m2)。


这次的角逐就在这三组人之间展开。


2,关于脑萎缩,一张图就可以直观的说明问题:



左边是56岁,BMI 19.5kg/m2 的人的脑子,右边是50岁(还年轻一些呢),BMI43.4kg/m2 的,相同性别相同扫描断层的大脑。(结构MRI扫描,Freesurfer处理图像)。差距一目了然。


3,赶紧减肥还来得及!


可能有人要说,我又没有胖到BMI高达43.4kg/m2 ,而且也没有50岁那么老,没那么严重吧?呵呵,看个图吧——


(胖人的大脑:不好意思,先走一步)


这是超重+肥胖者(红线)和普通体重者(绿线)之间脑白质容量变化的曲线。


可以看到,在大约30岁的时候,两者产生了一次相交。普通体重者的脑白质容量一直保持增长到超过40岁,而超重/肥胖者的脑白质容量更早的进入减少时期。并且,从曲线不难看出,超重/肥胖者的脑白质容量的增幅整个都不是太好,降得倒是很快。


另外,这个图中研究者还做出了一个同白质容量值对比,即50岁时的超重/肥胖者的脑白质容量,和60岁的普通体重者是一样的,这也是胖人脑子比普通体重人衰老10岁的数据由来。


不过,如果你试着在肥胖者40岁的脑白质容量处(大致是胖人脑白质容量的顶峰)作图的话,会发现差距根本不止10岁。


所以说,如果还没有超过30岁的人,赶快减肥啦!你还有机会变成一条比较完整的绿线呢!脑白质容量还能增长久一点呢!


当然,其他年龄段的人也不要放弃减肥嘛,至少可以阻止大脑的衰老速度。


4,胖瘦本身对脑的影响


如果说脑白质容量是同时受胖瘦和年龄变化影响的,那么还有本身能从胖瘦看出区别来的脑组织——大脑皮层。



大脑皮质层倒是不存在什么肥胖的人衰老得更快的问题,而是按图中数据,打20岁开始,肥胖者的大脑皮质表面积平均就更小一点。


如果说大脑白质容量对认知功能的影响并不是很明显的话,专业负责各种认知功能的大脑皮层出现了区别,那就,有点惨了啊!


另外,从图上看,大脑皮层面积的区别在越年轻的群体中越大,反而是超过80岁之后区别减小得厉害——也就是说,把儿童和青少年养得很肥很可能是一个掉智商的事情哦。


中国的“肉体凯迪拉克”应该长啥样?


界哥要提醒一句,这个研究是英国的剑桥大学做的,西方人的肥胖标准其实比东亚人更高。之前已经有许多研究证实,相同BMI下,中国人比白人的体脂比更高,更容易患上心脑血管、内分泌相关疾病。所以,当考虑到体重超重这个问题的时候,我们最好不要跟着他们用BMI大于等于25kg/m2这个标准,而要用我们自己的指标——BMI大于等于23kg/m2


最后,界哥想说,真正的肉体凯迪拉克应该长下面这样啦!



参考文献:

Neurobiology of Aging, 2016; DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.010

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1695781, encodeId=7a831695e8123, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=03b98809697' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88096, encryptionId=03b98809697, topicName=萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Wed May 03 20:04:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142612, encodeId=7efb142612c0, content=关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 13:27:04 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110113, encodeId=f8f5110113d6, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Sat Sep 03 07:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97915, encodeId=75ec9e91584, content=我是22,哈哈还好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577937EBD26C02013.jpg, createdBy=0d231743548, createdName=就是爱你, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 21:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97255, encodeId=0ff59e25599, content=东西方体质有差异,但是肥胖确实是很多疾病的危险因素, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 13:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97212, encodeId=25299e21248, content=减肥吧!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 06:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1401202, encodeId=98661401202fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3405850e3f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85073, encryptionId=3405850e3f4, topicName=脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xdmCjlickSzn2cxg75bTZeYl2VYrTV6hibyMlic5XVFkibQbmFB7tK72afyxE4iclBhv7qd91qSk8Q6yicAcmErXRFxQ/132, createdBy=2c5d2304811, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 05:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1625407, encodeId=1406162540e20, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfe143964e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43964, encryptionId=dfe143964e4, topicName=大脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48aa20754836, createdName=gracezdd, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 05:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-09 ylzr123

    关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。

    0

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    2016-09-03 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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    2016-08-12 就是爱你

    我是22,哈哈还好

    0

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    2016-08-10 木水晶

    东西方体质有差异,但是肥胖确实是很多疾病的危险因素

    0

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    2016-08-10 忠诚向上

    减肥吧!

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