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Stroke:替罗非班在血管内血栓切除术中的应用

2018-01-10 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

第二代支架取栓装置能够把闭塞颅内血管再通,改善急性缺血性卒中患者的预后。不过,内皮损伤不可避免,并引起动脉早期再闭塞。替罗非班是一种糖蛋白IIb/IIIa抑制剂,半衰期短,因此一些中心采用替罗非班防止局部血小板聚集,预防早期再闭塞。研究发现替罗非班用于急性中等缺血性卒中是安全的,能够降低5个月后的死亡率。对于急性缺血性卒中,采用全量阿替普酶立即桥接静脉内替罗非班也是安全和可行的。然而,一项研究


第二代支架取栓装置能够把闭塞颅内血管再通,改善急性缺血性卒中患者的预后。不过,内皮损伤不可避免,并引起动脉早期再闭塞。替罗非班是一种糖蛋白IIb/IIIa抑制剂,半衰期短,因此一些中心采用替罗非班防止局部血小板聚集,预防早期再闭塞。研究发现替罗非班用于急性中等缺血性卒中是安全的,能够降低5个月后的死亡率。对于急性缺血性卒中,采用全量阿替普酶立即桥接静脉内替罗非班也是安全和可行的。然而,一项研究显示经过血管血栓切除术的急性缺血性卒中患者,替罗非班与不良预后有关,增加致死性脑内出血的风险。

在亚洲国家比如中国,颅内动脉粥样硬化病比西方国家更常见。许多中国患者急性缺血性卒中的发病机制为大动脉粥样硬化,近一半为颅内动脉狭窄。对于这些患者,仅仅支架回收装置很难达到良好再灌注,因此常采用支架或球囊血管成形术以达到充分再通。替罗非班通常用于预防血管内血栓切除术后早期再闭塞,不过其安全性和有效性尚不清楚。

2017年12月来自北京宣武医院的Wenbo Zhao等在Stroke上公布了他们的研究结果,目的在于评价经过血管内血栓切除术的急性缺血性卒中患者采用替罗非班的安全性和有效性。

该观察性研究基于单中心前瞻性登记研究。纳入的患者为2013年1月到2017年2月采用了第二代支架回收装置治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,分为两组:仅血管内血栓切除术不联合替罗非班,ET联合小剂量替罗非班组。主要终点为症状性脑出血。

手术皆采用经股动脉路径。除了静脉阿替普酶溶栓者以外,手术中静脉肝素维持ACT(activated clotting time)250-300s。根据介入医生判读决定是否使用替罗非班。动脉内替罗非班(5mg,100ml)使用方法为1ml/min,共0.25-0.5mg。随后静脉替罗非班,按照4-5ml/h(0.2-0.25mg/h)速度输注,共12-24h。复查CT如果无明显脑出血,桥接双联抗血小板药物,并和替罗非班重叠4h后停用替罗非班。如果不使用替罗非班,介入医生决定是否立即或手术后几小时后给予双联抗血小板。双联抗血小板药物是指阿司匹林100mg和氯吡格雷75mg。卒中前未服用抗血小板药物者,给予阿司匹林300mg和氯吡格雷300mg。卒中前服用阿司匹林者,给予阿司匹林100mg和氯吡格雷300mg。卒中前服用氯吡格雷者,给予阿司匹林300mg和氯吡格雷75mg。

该研究共纳入180例患者,联合和不联合替罗非班各90例。任何脑出血63例(35%),其中19例(11%)为症状性脑出血,9例(5%)为致死性脑出血。使用替罗非班和未使用替罗非班发生症状性脑出血的例数分别为10例(11%)和9例(10%)(P = 0.8),早期再闭塞分别为4例(4.4%)和8例(8.9%)(P = 0.37)。161例患者完成长期随访,与未使用替罗非班相比,使用替罗非班者死亡率更低(23% vs 44%,P = 0.005)。另外,使用替罗非班者长期功能自立更有优势(adjusted odds ratio, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.13–16.97; P=0.033)。

最终作者认为对于经过血管内血栓切除术的急性缺血性卒中患者,替罗非班与症状性脑出血无关,替罗非班似乎能够降低死亡率和改善长期功能独立。需要进一步研究探讨替罗非班预防早期再闭塞的有效性,机制,和最佳治疗方案。

该研究的局限性:1.按照临床实际情况选择替罗非班的剂量和持续时间;2.是否使用替罗非班根据介入医生的个人判断,因此数据会偏倚;3.再闭塞率低,样本量小。

原始出处:

Zhao W,et al.Low-Dose Tirofiban Improves Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Endovascular Thrombectomy.Stroke. 2017 Dec;48(12):3289-3294. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.019193. Epub 2017 Nov 10.

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    2018-01-12 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章.值得拥有

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    2018-01-11 hhh678

    henhao

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